The cause of food intoxication can be a poorly cooked steak, stale fish, ready-made food from a restaurant, an exotic dish, or poorly washed fruit. If food is prepared incorrectly or from expired products, it can cause poisoning. Along with bad food, pathogenic bacteria enter the body, which cause intestinal intoxication.
In case of poisoning, it is very important to take timely measures to remove toxins, as well as follow a diet. A proper diet will help the adult body get into shape faster.
Basic principles of nutrition
Food must contain the required amount of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. To quickly normalize the functioning of the digestive organs, it is important to adhere to the basic rules:
- Eat small meals, at least 5–7 times a day. The intervals between meals should not exceed three hours. Let the portions be small for the first few days: no more than 200 g. This will reduce the load on the digestive tract, increase the digestibility of food, and activate the functioning of the stomach and intestines.
- Maintain drinking regime. Drink at least 2 liters per day. Drink 50-100 ml of water every half hour. It is recommended to drink mineral or filtered water without gas.
- Eat chopped foods. Puréed food is easier to digest. Food should be boiled or steamed. All food and liquids must be warm: between 15 and 50 °C.
- Avoid foods that increase secretion in the stomach and intestines. These include complex carbohydrates in raw form: sour berries, fruits, starchy vegetables, plant fiber.
- Avoid alcoholic drinks completely. Alcohol inhibits regeneration processes and strains the kidneys and liver. Reduce the amount of salt. You are allowed to consume no more than 6 g per day, that is, less than one teaspoon.
After food poisoning, the diet should be especially strict. Add new dishes to your diet gradually, carefully monitor your health.
It happens inside of us
The body does not recover immediately after suffering intoxication, because toxic substances already had a detrimental effect on almost all organs. Often after poisoning, the stomach hurts - this is explained by the fact that the gastric mucosa becomes inflamed - acute gastritis develops. The stomach stops doing its usual job - digesting food. Nausea, belching and pain appear after poisoning. Poorly digested food enters the intestines. And he, of course, is “dissatisfied” with the poor functioning of the stomach, and his “indignation” is manifested by bloating, gurgling and diarrhea after poisoning.
First of all, the liver suffers from intoxication: it works around the clock, seven days a week, neutralizing toxic substances that enter the body. “Fatigue” of the liver may be indicated by heaviness in the right side, yellowness of the skin, bitterness in the mouth, and elevated temperature after poisoning. During the period while recovery from poisoning is underway, general weakness, pain in muscles and joints, poor appetite, insomnia and other symptoms may bother you.
During the recovery period, medications are prescribed that improve digestion processes (enzymes) and the intestinal sorbent Enterosgel, which neutralizes and removes toxic molecules.
To restore beneficial intestinal bacteria, doctors prescribe effective tablets after poisoning - probiotics.
Choosing the right products
The goal of dietary nutrition after food intoxication is not only to replenish the body with nutrients. The diet reduces the load on the gastrointestinal tract, restores electrolytic balance, and accelerates the healing process of the mucous membrane.
During the recovery period you can use:
- soups and broths from vegetables and lean meats;
- lean fish and meat, baked or boiled;
- boiled and crushed porridges, for example, oatmeal, buckwheat, rice;
- low-fat milk and cottage cheese;
- wheat crackers, crackers, biscuits;
- chamomile infusions, dill water;
- boiled eggs and steamed omelettes.
Natural juices can only be drunk in diluted form. Wait until digestion is completely restored. Introduce familiar foods into your diet in small portions so as not to overload the gastrointestinal tract.
During the diet, give up:
- sausages, lard, fried, spicy dishes;
- bread, yeast baked goods, sweets;
- complex soups and rich broths;
- pickles, marinades, smoked meats;
- green apples, currants, radishes, radishes, sorrel;
- ketchup, mayonnaise, canned food;
- semi-finished products, sausages.
Citrus fruits, chocolate, mushrooms, spicy seasonings, vinegar, homemade sour cream, carbonated and alcoholic drinks are also prohibited.
Hot time
At the dacha, on vacation or just in the park on a picnic, it is not so easy to follow the rules of personal hygiene familiar from childhood. And although over the past months we have become accustomed to never parting with sanitizers and, every now and then, we use them to clean our hands, nevertheless, incidents still happen. In addition, when traveling outside the city or forays into nature, we often violate sanitary rules for preparing and storing food. In our apartment we use different cutting boards: one for bread, another for raw meat, a third for sausage, and at a picnic we usually cut everything on one. And it’s also good if you wash the food thoroughly before doing this, and sometimes at the dacha we eat everything straight from the garden and from the bush. But bacteria do not sleep.
The danger may also be hidden in insufficient heat treatment of food, because on a fire, grill or barbecue it is so easy to undercook the kebab a little. And meat “with blood” can be consumed without fear only in a good restaurant, but not in field conditions. However, in the summer it is easy to get poisoned at home. It happens that we sometimes forget to put ready-made food in the refrigerator in time, and in the hot season the food disappears faster. For the same reason, you should not buy food on the street. Again - insects. In summer it is difficult to protect food from flies, which are known to be carriers of many infections. All this increases the risk of intestinal disorders significantly.
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Sample menu after poisoning
The first day after food poisoning is better not to eat anything. If you feel very hungry, you can drink a little rice water. It is better to use brown rice for cooking.
After the unpleasant symptoms disappear, you can eat little by little. To improve the functioning of the digestive system, adults follow a diet for 5-10 days after poisoning.
Let us give examples of therapeutic dietary nutrition used in the treatment of diseases of the digestive tract.
| Diet No. 1A Calorie content: 1900–2000 kcal | Diet No. 2 Calorie content: 2800–3000 kcal | |
| First breakfast | — steam omelet or soft-boiled eggs; - warm low-fat milk. | - oatmeal or semolina porridge; - low-fat cheese; - weak tea. |
| Lunch | - milk. | - rosehip decoction. |
| Dinner | — pureed oatmeal soup, steamed chicken fillet; - fruit jelly. | - vegetable or meat broth; — steamed cutlets from lean meat; - mashed potatoes; - dried fruits compote. |
| Afternoon snack | - milk cream; - rosehip decoction. | - rosehip decoction. |
| Dinner | - liquid rice porridge (crushed); - milk. | - Steamed fish; - rice pudding; - tea or cranberry juice. |
| Drink at night | - milk. | - kefir or yogurt. |
Recommended dishes also include vegetable soups, boiled porridges, except pearl barley and millet, baked meat puddings, and cottage cheese casseroles. It is advisable to grind porridges and soups with a blender. This way they will be better absorbed.
To prepare meat dishes, it is advisable to use veal, beef, turkey or chicken. Steamed meatballs, meat pate or casserole will be completely dietary dishes. You are allowed to eat fish balls and chicken breast. You can make puddings from berries and fruits; bananas and baked apples are also allowed.
As additional support for the body, you can use sorbents, for example, Fitomucil Sorbent Forte. Enterosorbent will remove harmful substances, cope with pathogenic microorganisms, and restore normal intestinal microflora. The drug contains five types of live probiotic bacteria, as well as psyllium and inulin.
Drink plenty of fluids
It is known that the main danger of food poisoning is sudden loss of fluid caused by diarrhea and vomiting. In addition, the body loses minerals and electrolytes important for metabolic processes. To restore balance, the doctor usually prescribes rehydron and drinking boiled water in large quantities. After you feel better, water can be replaced with fruit and berry infusions, mint or ginger infusion without sugar. It is advisable to temporarily exclude tea, coffee, cola and other drinks containing caffeine and acids from the diet. You can drink milk if there is no negative reaction of the body to this product.
Tranquility Bringer
Alas, the opinion that no one dies from diarrhea is not always true. Diarrhea can be deadly for babies, pregnant women, the elderly and people with heart disease. In them, it quickly leads to dehydration, which impairs the conductivity of the heart muscle, causing arrhythmia and other cardiac dysfunction. And although food poisoning usually does not lead to such dire consequences, it is not so easy to distinguish viral or severe bacterial diarrhea from a simple food toxic coinfection.
Diarrhea can be caused by both bacteria and viruses (including the main “hero” of recent months - COVID-19). But still, most often viral acute intestinal infections are caused by the familiar adeno-, rota- and enteroviruses. It is very easy to become infected with them. Such diseases occur suddenly and sharply, accompanied by a rise in temperature, diarrhea, and vomiting. But, fortunately, they usually don’t last long.
Bacterial infections caused by microbes are often accompanied by more severe symptoms of intoxication (fever, chills, body aches, nausea) and can be quite severe.
It is difficult to determine without tests whether viruses or bacteria caused poisoning, but if, despite treatment, malaise and diarrhea do not subside in the first three days, then most likely there is a microbial infection. This means you need to call a doctor who will prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics. And only if such treatment does not help, will it be necessary to undergo special tests and select antibiotics in a targeted manner.
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Who is recommended for treatment table No. 4?
Diet number 4 is prescribed for gastrointestinal problems characterized by acute pain, increased gas formation, diarrhea and other manifestations of discomfort. There are several varieties of 4 tables depending on the phase of the disease:
- 4a - chronic colitis and intestinal diseases, accompanied by diarrhea and increased flatulence. Consists mainly of proteins, the consumption of carbohydrates and fats is kept to a minimum;
- 4b - has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the liver and pancreas during exacerbations in the attenuation stage. Differs in greater variety compared to the previous version;
- 4c - is used during the recovery period and is one of the stages of the transition to a nutritious diet.
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3.How do you know if you have food poisoning?
Since most poisonings are quite easily tolerated, people do not always turn to doctors about this. Usually the assumption of food poisoning is made if people who eat the same food get sick at the same time.
If the symptoms of poisoning are severe enough - there is severe vomiting or diarrhea
, or your health condition does not improve within a few days, it is better to consult a doctor. The doctor will be able to accurately determine the cause of the illness and say whether it is really poisoning. You may need to do blood and stool tests for an accurate diagnosis.
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