Pharmacological properties of the drug Pregnavit
Combined multivitamin preparation containing minerals. The vitamins and microelements included in the drug compensate for the deficiency of these compounds in the body, in particular with an increased need for them during pregnancy and lactation. The action of Pregnavit is determined by its components. Retinol (vitamin A) is necessary for the biosynthesis of rhodopsin, maintaining the integrity of epithelial cells, and growth of the body (including the fetus during pregnancy). Colecalciferol (vitamin D3) regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in the body, as well as the process of building bone structure; prevents the development of rickets in newborns. Thiamine (vitamin B1) as a coenzyme is involved in carbohydrate metabolism and the functioning of the nervous system. Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is the most important catalyst for the processes of cellular respiration and visual perception. During pregnancy, it limits the impact of teratogenic factors. Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) as a coenzyme takes part in protein metabolism and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. During pregnancy, it is especially necessary for women who have previously taken oral contraceptives, which deplete the pyridoxine depot in the body. Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) is involved in the synthesis of nucleotides and is an important factor in normal growth, hematopoiesis and development of epithelial cells; necessary for folic acid metabolism and myelin synthesis. Nicotinamide is involved in the processes of tissue respiration, fat and carbohydrate metabolism. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) ensures collagen synthesis; participates in the formation and maintenance of the structure and function of cartilage, bone tissue, teeth; affects the formation of hemoglobin and the maturation of red blood cells. The physiological level of ascorbic acid in a pregnant woman’s body is of great importance for the normal development of the placenta, as well as for increasing the body’s resistance to infections. Pantothenic acid, as a component of coenzyme A, plays an important role in the processes of acetylation and oxidation; promotes the construction and regeneration of epithelium and endothelium. Folic acid takes part in the synthesis of amino acids, nucleotides, nucleic acids; necessary for normal erythropoiesis; during pregnancy, it performs, to a certain extent, a protective function in relation to the action of teratogenic factors. Tocopherol (vitamin E) has antioxidant properties; maintains the stability of red blood cells, prevents hemolysis; has a positive effect on the function of the gonads, nervous and muscle tissue. Iron is involved in erythropoiesis and, as part of hemoglobin, ensures the transport of oxygen to tissues. Calcium is necessary for the formation of bone matter, coagulation processes, the transmission of nerve impulses, contraction of skeletal and smooth muscles, and normal myocardial activity.
Pregnavit
[I] - Instructions for medical use were approved by the pharmacological committee of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on March 14, 2002.
Pregnavit is a combined multivitamin preparation containing minerals. The vitamins and minerals included in the drug compensate for the deficiency of these compounds in the body, in particular, when the need for them increases during pregnancy and lactation.
The effect of the drug Pregnavit is determined by its constituent components.
Retinol (vitamin A) activates redox processes, participates in the energy supply of metabolism, is necessary for the biosynthesis of rhodopsin, maintaining the integrity of epithelial cells, body growth, incl. fetus during pregnancy.
Colecalciferol (vitamin D3) regulates the exchange of calcium and phosphorus in the body, normalizes the formation of the bone skeleton and teeth in children, and prevents the development of rickets in a newborn.
Thiamine (vitamin B1) as a coenzyme is involved in carbohydrate metabolism and the functioning of the nervous system.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is the most important catalyst for cellular respiration processes and is involved in growth processes. During pregnancy, it limits the effect of teratogenic factors.
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) as a coenzyme takes part in protein metabolism and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. During pregnancy it is necessary for women; who have previously taken oral contraceptives that reduce the depot of pyridoxine in the body.
Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) is involved in the synthesis of nucleotides; is an important factor in normal growth, hematopoiesis and development of epithelial cells; necessary for folic acid metabolism and myelin synthesis.
Nicotinamide (vitamin PP) is involved in the processes of tissue respiration, fat and carbohydrate metabolism.
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) ensures collagen synthesis; participates in the formation and maintenance of the structure and function of cartilage, bones, teeth; affects the formation of hemoglobin and the maturation of red blood cells. The physiological level of ascorbic acid in the body of a pregnant woman is of great importance for the normal development of the placenta, as well as increasing the body's resistance to infections.
Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) as a component of coenzyme A plays an important role in the processes of acetylation and oxidation; promotes the construction and regeneration of epithelium and endothelium.
Folic acid (vitamin Bc) takes part in the synthesis of amino acids, nucleotides, nucleic acids; necessary for normal erythropoiesis. During pregnancy, it performs, to a certain extent, a protective function in relation to the action of teratogenic factors.
Tocopherol (vitamin E), having antioxidant properties, protects various substances from oxidation; maintains the stability of red blood cells, prevents hemolysis; has a positive effect on the functions of the gonads, nervous and muscle tissue.
Iron is involved in erythropoiesis and, as part of hemoglobin, ensures the transport of oxygen to tissues.
Calcium is necessary for the formation of bone matter, blood clotting, the process of transmission of nerve impulses, contraction of skeletal and smooth muscles, and normal myocardial activity.
Nutritional support for pregnant and lactating women
Category: Reminders for the public.
To additionally meet the needs of the pregnant woman's body for the necessary nutrients, special vitamin and mineral complexes and nutritional mixtures are prescribed. In our country, such vitamin preparations for pregnant women are used as “Materna Pregnavit”, “Multitabs Perinatal”, “Sana-Sol”, “Elevit Pronatal”, “Complivit Mama”, “Alphabet Mom’s Health”.
It is necessary to remember; that the pregnant woman’s body needs not only vitamins, but also other substances, in particular, proteins and polyunsaturated (essential) fatty acids, therefore the use of vitamin-mineral complexes can only be recommended if the diet is generally nutritious. It should also be emphasized that not only deficiency, but also excess consumption of vitamins can have a harmful effect on the fetus. Thus, the intake of vitamin A into the body of a pregnant woman should not exceed 8000 IU (2.5 mg) per day, otherwise cases of teratogenic effects on the fetus (anencephaly and cleft palate) have been described. Excessively high doses of vitamin C caused premature termination of pregnancy, and overdoses of vitamin B12 caused allergic reactions.
In recent years, for additional nutrition of pregnant and lactating women, fully balanced nutritional mixtures such as “Madonna”, “Mamil Mama”, “MVmil Mama”, “Dumil Mama Plus”, “Annamaria”, “Amalthea” have been included in their daily diet. , “Lactamil”, “Berlamin modular”, “Nutricomp”, “Femilak”, “Enfa Mama”, etc. They are distinguished by a pleasant taste, good solubility in water, the content of all necessary nutrients, including proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and microelements in balanced proportions.
The administration of such mixtures to pregnant women with signs of nutritional deficiency, gestosis, anemia, and miscarriage helped reduce the incidence of premature birth by 4 times, improved pregnancy outcomes in women with chronic fetoplacental insufficiency, and also avoided severe degrees of malnutrition in children. Enteral nutrition mixtures are prepared on the basis of milk (“Mamil Mama”, “MVmil Mama”, etc.) or soy protein (“Madonna”), vegetable oils (sunflower, coconut, soybean, palm, rapeseed), hydrolyzed starch (maltodextrins) with added vitamins and minerals. The mixtures do not contain lactose, sucrose, gluten, cholesterol, or purine compounds. Special mixtures for nutrition of pregnant women include fetal growth factors - taurine, carnitine, choline, inositol. Carnitine is a conditionally essential factor for the nutrition of a pregnant woman. Under normal conditions, it is synthesized in the liver from methionine and lysine with the participation of vitamins C, group B and iron. However, the reserves of carnitine in the body are insignificant (15–20 g), and synthesis is insufficient, and even with a normal pregnancy, it must be additionally supplied with food. Carnitine deficiency in the body can manifest itself as muscle weakness, anemia, and impaired glucose tolerance.
To prepare one serving of the drink, 40 g of dry nutritional mixture is dissolved in 160 ml of warm boiled water. The daily dose for pregnant women is 40–120 g (1–3 glasses per day), for nursing mothers 80–160 g of the mixture in the form of a drink (2–4 glasses per day). For women whose pregnancy is complicated (edema, arterial hypertension, nephropathy, late gestosis), a special complete dry mixture “Nutricomp Renal” with a reduced content of electrolytes (sodium, chlorine, etc.), as well as vitamin B, may be recommended for additional nutrition , additionally containing carnitine, taurine, folic acid and choline. The daily dose for pregnant women is 40–120 g, for nursing women - 80–160: mixture in the form of a drink (2–4 glasses per day).
Considering the danger of the teratogenic effect of hypervitaminosis on the fetus, in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy it is recommended to refrain from consuming chemical vitamins and nutritional supplements. However, with the development of early anemia in pregnant women, it can be recommended to use nutritional mixtures in the form of a drink for 2–3 weeks.
With gestosis in the first half of pregnancy (nausea, vomiting), women's appetite decreases and food intake is significantly limited. Under these conditions, as an additional source of providing the mother and fetus with the necessary nutrients, it is recommended to consume the nutritional mixture in the form of a drink of 100 ml per hour in small sips. It is necessary to pay attention to adequate replenishment of losses of fluid and mineral salts. A woman should drink at least 1.5–2 liters of fluid daily.
In case of indomitable, repeated vomiting in a hospital setting, parenteral nutrition (aminoplasmal, lipofundin, glucose) can be administered for 2–5 days. With the complete cessation of early gestosis, the pregnant woman begins to receive normal nutrition.
Thus, rational nutrition of pregnant and lactating women includes providing the body of the mother, fetus and child with all the necessary nutrients (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, macro- and microelements, vitamins). Nutrient deficiencies at certain stages of intrauterine development can lead to the formation of organic pathology and even fetal death. To enrich the diet of pregnant and lactating women, vitamin and mineral complexes and balanced nutritional mixtures are used. The use of the latter is more preferable due to the presence in their composition of all essential amino acids, fatty acids, macro- and microelements, as well as vitamins and fetal growth factors.
