Diseases of the visual organs reduce the comfort of life. The causes of ailments can be different, ranging from mechanical damage to their infectious nature. To avoid mistakes with treatment, you need to consult a specialist. The doctor will diagnose and prescribe therapy and medications that can be bought at an online pharmacy in Moscow. As a rule, the complex includes Levomycetin drops for the eyes.
Treatment and prevention
If you are sure that the animal is not sick, and there are no other symptoms other than diarrhea, then you can help your pet at home. The first thing to do is to ensure plenty of drinking and frequent walking, and, of course, do not scold the dog if it “could not bear it.” You can also take the following preventive measures to ensure that your pet rarely or never experiences diarrhea:
- Keep a close eye on your animal while walking. Do not let him pick up food and foreign objects on the street, dig through the garbage, or take something from strangers;
- Do not feed your dog non-recommended foods. Remember that not all food is equally beneficial for both people and animals. Fatty, fried, smoked foods can upset the digestive system. It is also undesirable to overfeed the dog and feed it long bones, pork meat, etc.;
- Vaccinate your pet in a timely manner and regularly carry out deworming (a set of therapeutic and preventive measures to combat helminths);
- feed the animal high-quality, fresh food;
- remove away all small objects and things that the dog can chew and swallow. It is worth paying attention to education. Prohibit your animal from gnawing or chewing any foreign objects.
Contraindications
Regardless of the dosage form, Levomycetin is contraindicated:
- Individual intolerance to active and auxiliary components.
- Acute porphyria.
- Disorder of bone marrow hematopoiesis.
- Severe form of kidney and liver pathology.
It is not advisable to use the drug for external use in case of extensive wound lesions and over the dermis, which is infected with fungus, eczema and psoriasis.
Patients who have ever undergone chemotherapy, as well as children and women during pregnancy, are prescribed the drug with caution and in extreme cases.
Levomycetin 0.25% dropper bottle 10ml eye drops
A country
The country of production may vary depending on the batch of goods. Please check with the operator for detailed information when confirming your order.
Compound
Bottle 10 ml Chloramphenicol 2.5 mg per 1 ml.
pharmachologic effect
Broad-spectrum antibiotic. The mechanism of antimicrobial action is associated with a violation of the synthesis of microbial proteins. Has a bacteriostatic effect. Active against gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp.; gram-negative bacteria: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Klebsiella spp., Serratia spp., Yersinia spp., Proteus spp., Rickettsia spp.; is also active against Spirochaetaceae and some large viruses. Chloramphenicol is active against strains resistant to penicillin, streptomycin, and sulfonamides. Resistance of microorganisms to chloramphenicol develops relatively slowly.
Indications for use
For oral administration: infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms sensitive to chloramphenicol, including: typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, dysentery, brucellosis, tularemia, whooping cough, typhus and other rickettsioses; trachoma, pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis, osteomyelitis. For external use: purulent skin lesions, boils, long-term non-healing trophic ulcers, second and third degree burns, cracked nipples in nursing women. For topical use in ophthalmology: inflammatory eye diseases.
Mode of application
Levomycetin eye drops (DIA, Akri, AKOS, Ferein) are applied into the conjunctival sac of each eye, one 3-4 times a day. The course of treatment usually lasts from 5 to 15 days. When using the drug, you should tilt your head back, gently pull the lower eyelid towards the cheek so that a cavity is formed between the skin and the surface of the eye, and, without touching the eyelid and the surface of the eye with the tip of the dropper bottle, apply 1 drop of medicine. After instillation, press the outer corner of the eye with a finger and do not blink for 30 seconds. If you cannot avoid blinking, you need to do this as carefully as possible so that the solution does not spill out of the eye. For children during the neonatal period (the first 28 days after birth), the drug is used according to health indications. For purulent otitis media, the drug is injected into the ear 1-2 times per day. days 2-3 drops each. If there is significant discharge from the ear canal that washes away the applied solution, Levomycetin can be used up to 4 times a day. For bacterial rhinitis, the doctor may recommend administering nasal drops.
Interaction
With the simultaneous use of chloramphenicol with oral hypoglycemic drugs, an increase in the hypoglycemic effect is observed due to the suppression of the metabolism of these drugs in the liver and an increase in their concentration in the blood plasma. When used simultaneously with drugs that inhibit bone marrow hematopoiesis, an increased inhibitory effect on the bone marrow is observed. When used simultaneously with erythromycin, clindamycin, lincomycin, a mutual weakening of the effect is noted due to the fact that chloramphenicol can displace these drugs from the bound state or prevent their binding to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. When used simultaneously with penicillins, chloramphenicol counteracts the manifestation of the bactericidal effect of penicillin. Chloramphenicol suppresses the enzyme system of cytochrome P450 Therefore, when used simultaneously with phenobarbital, phenytoin, warfarin, there is a weakening of the metabolism of these drugs, a slower elimination and an increase in their concentration in the blood plasma.
Side effect
From the hematopoietic system: thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia. From the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, flatulence. From the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system: peripheral neuritis, optic neuritis, headache, depression, confusion, delirium, visual and auditory hallucinations. Allergic reactions: skin rash, urticaria, angioedema. Local reactions: irritant effect (when applied externally or locally).
Contraindications
Blood diseases, severe liver dysfunction, deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, skin diseases (psoriasis, eczema, fungal diseases), pregnancy, lactation, children under 4 weeks (newborns), hypersensitivity to chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, azidamphenicol. Application in children Chloramphenicol is not used in newborns, because the development of “gray syndrome” is possible (flatulence, nausea, hypothermia, gray-blue skin color, progressive cyanosis, dyspnea, cardiovascular failure).
Overdose
Severe complications from hematopoiesis are usually associated with long-term use of doses exceeding 3 g/day. Symptoms of chronic intoxication: pallor of the skin, hyperthermia, sore throat, hemorrhages and bleeding, fatigue or weakness. Treatment with high doses of newborn children can provoke the development of cardiovascular (“gray”) syndrome, the main signs of which are: - change in skin color to bluish gray;—hypothermia;—abdominal bloating;—vomiting;—lack of nervous reactions;—respiratory rhythm disturbance;—acidosis;—circulatory collapse;—cardiovascular failure;—coma. In 2 out of 5 cases, the patient dies. The cause of death is the accumulation of the drug in the body due to the immaturity of liver enzymes and the direct toxic effect of floramphenicol on the myocardium. Cardiovascular syndrome manifests itself when the plasma concentration of chloramphenicol exceeds 50 mcg/ml.
special instructions
Chloramphenicol is not used in newborns, because the development of “gray syndrome” is possible (flatulence, nausea, hypothermia, gray-blue skin color, progressive cyanosis, dyspnea, cardiovascular failure). Use with caution in patients who have previously received treatment with cytostatic drugs or radiation therapy. With simultaneous intake of alcohol, it is possible development of a disulfiram-like reaction (skin hyperemia, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, reflex cough, convulsions). During treatment, systematic monitoring of peripheral blood patterns is necessary.
What is Levomycetin used for?
The antibiotic has a wide range of indications. Depending on the form produced, the medicine is used to treat various conditions.
Tablets are prescribed as a treatment for the following diseases:
- Infectious lesions of the biliary tract.
- Pathologies of the genitourinary system against the background of pathogenic microbes.
- Brain abscess.
- Peritonitis.
- Salmonellosis.
- Infection of the body with meningococcus.
- Typhoid fever.
Indications for the use of solution and ointment are:
- Bedsores of varying severity.
- Various wounds.
- Burns complicated by infections.
- Trophic ulcers.
- Bacterial skin infections.
- Nipple cracks in nursing women.
Eye drops are used as a treatment for:
- Blepharitis.
- Conjunctivitis.
- Keratitis.
Instructions for use and dosage regimen
If the doctor has not prescribed a special regimen, the drops are used 3-4 times a day, placing 1-2 drops into the conjunctival sac of each eye. The total treatment period cannot last more than 5 days, even if the patient’s condition has improved significantly and there is a desire to continue therapy.
The drug is available in the form of a liquid poured into a bottle with a dropper cap. Before use, remove the aluminum cap from the container, remove the rubber stopper and place the dropper cap on the bottle. Remove the protective cap from the lid, turn the bottle over, shake and apply drops to your eyes. After use, return the bottle to a vertical position and put the protective cap on the dropper.
In some cases, adjustment of the dose and frequency of use is required, so before using Levomycetin drops for the eyes, you must consult a specialist!
Composition and release form
The drug is available from the pharmacy in several dosage forms:
- Eye drops 0.25%.
- Ointment 1% and 5%.
- A solution based on alcohol of different concentrations - 1%, 3%, 5%, 0.25%.
- Capsules and tablets of 500 mg and 250 mg, tablets of 650 mg with a prolonged therapeutic effect.
The active ingredient is chloramphenicol. Excipients:
Precautions when taking Levomycetin drops for eyes
Not all patients are aware of sensitivity to the components of the drug. Experts recommend using the product with extreme caution in the following cases:
- If hypersensitivity to components is detected.
- During the period of GVS (refusal of breastfeeding or selection of other medications is required).
- Age up to 2 years.
- Age from 65 years.
- Pre-treatment with radiation therapy or the use of cytostatic drugs.
High content of the main product may cause toxic effects if drops are swallowed. In this case, the patient develops pain, swelling, and increased lacrimation. It is recommended to rinse your eyes thoroughly with clean water for at least 15 minutes, then either continue treatment or call an ambulance.
When to see a doctor
The need to consult an ophthalmologist arises when severe pain, blurred vision, or fear of light occurs. In rare cases, damage to the skin occurs, a sensation of a foreign body appears in the eye - these are all alarming signs that require consultation with a specialist.
Possible side effects of the drug
The drug has a considerable list of side effects:
- Burning, itching of the organs of vision. The sensations are short-term, treatment is not stopped.
- Dermatitis, urticaria, fever are possible with low immunity. If hypersensitivity is accompanied by anaphylaxis or angioedema, inform your doctor immediately. Therapy with drops is stopped.
Negative responses from the hematopoietic system, blood supply, and lymph flow are extremely rarely observed. They manifest themselves as aplastic anemia or bone marrow hypoplasia.
Nutrition for indigestion in dogs
If symptoms of diarrhea appear, it is recommended to immediately provide your dog with a special diet. First, it is better to temporarily exclude any food. After a daily break, you can return food slowly and gradually. Start with rice water. Make thin rice porridge for your next meal. You can offer your recovering pet special veterinary dietary foods. The food you feed your pet during this delicate period should be warm, fresh and well ground. Don't let your animal eat food quickly. It is better to give food in small, fractional portions throughout the day.
Side effects of Levomycetin
The use of Lemomycetin for therapeutic purposes may cause the following side effects:
- Dyspeptic disorders.
- Changes in the circulatory system.
- Headache, hearing and vision impairment, decreased olfactory function, also frequent depression, neuritis and poor consciousness.
- Symptoms of an allergic reaction.
- Dermatitis.
- Collapse.
Eye drops rarely cause these symptoms. However, they can provoke a hypersensitivity clinic.
Causes of diarrhea in dogs
Diarrhea in dogs often begins as a result of a common diet disorder. But there are cases when diarrhea occurs due to problems in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, and sometimes it is not associated with digestion at all. Both physiological and pathological factors can provoke diarrhea. The most common causes of diarrhea are:
- consumption of spoiled foods. Be attentive to your pet's diet. Expired food can seriously harm him and cause not only diarrhea, but also vomiting, damage to the liver and pancreas, dehydration, as well as other unpleasant consequences;
- change of food and diet. When switching from homemade food to special dog food (and vice versa), the dog’s stool often becomes difficult. Changing your diet can cause both diarrhea and the opposite reaction - constipation;
- parasitic infections. Diarrhea often means that the animal has, for example, worms or coccidia in its body;
- allergic reactions. Diarrhea can be triggered by food or environmental irritants;
- insufficient amount of vitamins. Vitamin deficiency can also affect the animal's stool;
- presence of a foreign object in the intestine. A sock or ball eaten by a dog, getting stuck in the gastrointestinal tract, irritates the digestive system, causing problems with bowel movements;
- infections, including especially dangerous ones, for example, canine distemper;
- taking antibiotics. Medicines suppress not only harmful, but also beneficial microflora.
- inflammatory processes and neoplasms, etc.
Even a pregnant dog can cause diarrhea. That is why only a qualified doctor can draw conclusions about the general condition of an animal with diarrhea. It is difficult for an ignorant person to accurately determine the cause of diarrhea, and therefore solve the problem without harm to the pet.
