Plants store energy in the form of oils, sugars, starch, and cellulose. Providing soil with magnesium helps crops improve the taste of fruits and enhances their benefits for the human body. In addition, magnesium fertilizers help plants survive the winter. This is especially true for cereals, which need feeding in the fall - immediately after germination.
Magnesium is part of chlorophyll and without it the existence of greenery on the planet would be a moot point. Chlorophyll absorbs the energy of the sun and uses it to convert nutrients into complex organic substances - sugar, starch.
Sulfur is involved in metabolic processes in plants. Its deficiency is superficially similar to nitrogen deficiency, but there is a slight difference. Nitrogen deficiency appears first on old leaves, and then spreads to young shoots. The lack of sulfur is immediately noticeable on young leaves, which become pale green in color.
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
What is magnesium sulfate? The State Pharmacopoeia defines magnesium sulfate (formula MgSOi) as a medicinal product and indicates the standards for its production and the highest doses of use. The product “magnesium sulfate” is assigned the code OKPD24.42.13.683.
With water, this substance forms hydrates, the most important of which is heptahydrate - bitter, or Epsom salt - this is magnesia , as it is more often called, which is used in medicine. Available in powder form, from which a solution or suspension is prepared for oral administration and in ampoules for intramuscular and intravenous administration.
Depending on the route of administration, it has different effects on the body. injections ) - sedative , diuretic , vasodilator , anticonvulsant hypotensive , antispasmodic , antiarrhythmic , tocolytic , hypnotic .
The mechanism of action as an anticonvulsant is due to the fact that magnesium reduces the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from synapses, suppressing neuromuscular transmission, and has a depressant effect on the central nervous system.
The tocolytic effect (relaxation of the muscles of the uterus) is explained by the fact that magnesium reduces the contractility of the uterus and increases blood flow in it.
The antiarrhythmic effect is due to the stabilization of cell membranes and a decrease in the excitability of cardiomyocytes. Effects after intravenous administration develop immediately, after intramuscular administration - after 1 hour.
When taken orally, it has a choleretic effect and serves as a laxative , which is used for constipation or to cleanse the intestines, for blind probing, poisoning with salts of heavy metals (it is an antidote). The laxative effect is due to poor absorption in the intestine, in which osmotic pressure increases and water accumulates, which leads to dilution of the intestinal contents and increased peristalsis.
The injection solution can be used orally as a laxative. The onset of effect when taken orally after 1-3 hours, lasts 4-6 hours.
Magnesium sulfate has also found its use in cosmetology in the manufacture of emulsions, lotions and creams. It is used as a relaxing bath salt that relieves muscle tension.
Pharmacokinetics
When administered parenterally (injections), it penetrates the BBB. In breast milk it creates concentrations that are 2 times higher than the concentrations in the blood. Excreted by the kidneys, the rate of excretion is proportional to the level of glomerular filtration. diuresis increases .
When administered orally, it is poorly absorbed from the intestine. With malabsorption and consumption of fatty foods, magnesium absorption is reduced. Deposited in bones, muscles, kidneys, myocardium.
What it is
Magnesium sulfate , or magnesium sulfate, is a chlorine-free water-soluble fertilizer, a salt of magnesium and sulfuric acid. Intended purpose: root and foliar feeding. The fertilizer can also be applied to the soil to improve soil quality.
Formula – MgSO4 . Magnesium in the fertilizer is contained in the form of oxide. Active ingredients in magnesium sulfate:
- from 17% magnesium - the element is necessary for the formation of chlorophyll in the leaves, protein synthesis, and complete absorption of calcium and phosphorus; component-builder of plant tissue at the cellular level; participant in the synthesis of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), essential oils;
- 13.5% sulfur – activator of biological processes, synthesizes vegetable protein; protects against fungal, viral and bacterial infections, strengthens phytoimmunity, resists the appearance of garden pests (wireworms, spider mites, aphids).
Physical characteristics and mechanical properties of magnesium sulfate (according to technical specifications, GOST 4523-77):
- appearance – white crystalline powder (or colorless substance);
- production – natural marine-type solutions, solid salt deposits;
- natural sources (raw materials) - sea water, minerals kieserite (up to 30% magnesium oxide), epsolite-bitter salt (more than 82-84%), hexahydrite; natural raw materials contain at least 28-30% sulfur;
- in anhydrous form it decomposes into magnesium oxide, sulfur oxide and oxygen;
- water-soluble drug, dissolves at a temperature of 20C;
- the inorganic compound forms crystalline hydrates (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 12 water molecules);
- magnesium sulfate 7-water is available in the form of a white crystalline powder (mass fraction not less than 99%); contains zinc impurities, phosphates, heavy metals in small quantities.
Beneficial features
Magnesium is the basis of the green pigment of the plant. Fertilizing with magnesium sulfate promotes the complete absorption of phosphorus and calcium and ensures rich color of leaves and stems throughout the season.
Without sulfur, metabolic processes are blocked. In particular, nitrogen absorption depends on sulfur, a trace filler element.
This is the most common microfertilizer:
- plants urgently need magnesium as a fundamental component for the formation of chlorophyll;
- sulfur ensures metabolic processes in cells and tissues.
Magnesium sulfate is especially loved by garden plants:
- cabbage;
- tomatoes;
- pepper;
- eggplant;
- onion garlic;
- sugar beet;
- legumes
, berry bushes and garden trees produce juicy, sweet berries and fruits. The quality composition of fruits improves (the amount of ascorbic acid, sugar, essential oils, vitamin D, starch increases).
The dense crown of ornamental shrubs especially needs additional nutrition. Brown needles, small leaves of conifers are brownish-brown - a clear lack of the “mineral of life” magnesium.
Fertilizing with magnesium sulfate saves plants in poor lighting conditions (indoor flowers, greenhouse crops), and with a lack of sunlight in open areas.
Indications for use
- hypomagnesemia , tetany ;
- ventricular tachycardia;
- arterial hypertension , crisis state with cerebral edema ;
- urinary retention;
- brain concussion;
- encephalopathy , epileptic seizure ;
- poisoning with barium chloride , salts of heavy metals ;
- bronchial asthma (as part of complex therapy).
Magnesium Sulfate powder is used orally for:
- constipation;
- gallbladder dyskinesias , cholangitis and cholecystitis (for tubing);
- duodenal intubation;
- poisoning with salts of heavy metals;
- to cleanse the intestines.
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages of magnesium sulfate as a fertilizer:
- absolute compatibility with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, with humic nutrients, and with multicomponent mineral additives;
- there is no nitrogen in the composition, it is added throughout the season (in July and August, nitrogen is undesirable for plants);
- an overdose is practically impossible - the plant will extract exactly as much beneficial nutritional microflora as it needs; the remainder goes into stock;
- an excellent “antidepressant” for plants - the drug protects green mass from aggressive sunlight, increases the resistance of perennials to cold and frost;
- fertilizer is affordable.
Contraindications for Magnesium Sulfate
- arterial hypotension;
- severe chronic renal failure;
- severe bradycardia ;
- hypersensitivity;
- AV block;
- period before childbirth (2 hours);
- depression of the respiratory center.
Prescribed with caution for myasthenia gravis . Contraindications for oral administration: appendicitis , intestinal bleeding , intestinal obstruction , dehydration (dehydration) .
Side effects
With intravenous use: headache, polyuria, decreased blood pressure, nausea, severe sedation, uterine atony .
Signs of hypermagnesemia : bradycardia, double vision, shortness of breath, slurred speech, asthenia, decreased and loss of tendon reflexes, depression of the respiratory center and impaired cardiac conduction.
When taken orally: vomiting, diarrhea , exacerbation of gastrointestinal diseases, flatulence , thirst, intestinal pain, electrolyte imbalance (fatigue, asthenia, convulsions).
Instructions for use of Magnesium Sulfate (Method and dosage)
Instructions for use of the solution in ampoules
A 25% solution is most often used intravenously or intramuscularly. For hypertensive crises , convulsive syndrome , spastic conditions, 5–20 ml of the drug is prescribed.
For eclampsia - 10 - 20 ml of 25% solution up to 4 times a day.
To relieve seizures in children, 0.1-0.2 ml per kg of weight of a 20% solution is administered intramuscularly.
For acute poisoning - 5-10 ml 10% solution intravenously.
Magnesium Sulfate powder, instructions for use
How to take magnesium sulfate as a laxative? Powder in an amount of 20-30 g is dissolved in 100 ml of water (preferably warm) and drunk at night or in the morning half an hour before meals. For chronic constipation, enemas are given - the same amount of powder per 100 ml of water. The drug can be used as a laxative only occasionally.
Method of using powder as a choleretic agent
Prepare a solution from 20 g of powder and 100 ml of water. Take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day before meals. In case of poisoning with salts of heavy metals, take a solution orally - 20-25 g per 200 ml of water. During duodenal intubation , 50 ml of a 25% solution is injected through the probe.
Magnesium sulfate is also used as a fertilizer; a separate section is devoted to this.
Application as fertilizer
Magnesium sulfate is a fertilizer that is a source of magnesium and sulfur for agricultural and ornamental crops. This fertilizer is white crystals, highly soluble in water. Accelerates the growth of new shoots and increases the amount of harvest, improves the taste of vegetable crops by increasing the content of sugar, starch and vitamins. To prevent magnesium deficiency, it is recommended to add 50 to 100 g of bitter salt per m2 every year. During the growing season, carry out root and foliar feeding.
Application to plants causes growth and promotes vigorous flowering. For example, for roses, take 1 tablespoon of powder in a bucket of water and water each bush with 2 liters of this solution. Fertilizing is carried out in June and until mid-July, as it causes increased shoot growth. You can also carry out foliar feeding by spraying. For the working solution, take 20 g of the drug per 10 liters of water.
Magnesium sulfate (magnesium sulfate)
Magnesium sulfate
(
magnesium sulfate
),
MgSO4
- magnesium salt of sulfuric acid.
In medicine, magnesium sulfate acts as a vasodilator, sedative, and osmotic laxative. In pharmaceuticals, magnesium sulfate is often used as magnesium sulfate heptahydrate
(MgSO4 7H2O), which in the past was called
Epsom salt
or
bitter salt
.
A solution of magnesium sulfate is often called magnesium sulfate
.
Magnesium sulfate - medicine
Magnesium sulfate is the international nonproprietary name (INN) of the drug. According to the pharmacological index, magnesium sulfate is included in the groups “Macro- and microelements”, “Vasodilators” and “Sedatives”. According to ATC, magnesium sulfate is included, in particular:
- in section “A06 Laxatives”, group “A06AD Osmotic laxatives” and has code A06AD04
- in the section “A12 Mineral Supplements”, group “A12CC Magnesium Preparations” and has code A12CC02
- in section “B Drugs affecting hematopoiesis and blood”, subsection “B05 Plasma replacement and perfusion solutions” and has code B05XA0
- in section “D Drugs for the treatment of skin diseases” and has the code D11AX0.
The undesirable side of the action of saline osmotic laxatives, which include magnesium sulfate, is that their action extends throughout the intestine and carries the risk of electrolyte disorders, while the point of application of the “ideal laxative” should be the colon. In patients with cardiovascular and renal failure, salt osmotic laxatives can provoke volume and electrolyte overload (Shulpekova Yu.O.).
Indications for use of magnesium sulfate
Magnesium sulfate is used orally for:
- constipation, as a laxative (not systematically)
- cholangitis, cholecystitis, hypotonic dyskinesia of the gallbladder
- the need for bowel cleansing in preparation for instrumental examinations of the colon and duodenal intubation
- hypomagnesemia, in order to compensate for magnesium deficiency in the body
- poisoning with heavy metal salts
Magnesium sulfate is prescribed by injection for:
- treatment and prevention of hypomagnesemia due to unbalanced nutrition, taking contraceptives, diuretics, muscle relaxants, chronic alcoholism
- acute hypomagnesemia (signs of tetany, myocardial dysfunction)
- increased natural need for magnesium caused by pregnancy, body growth, convalescence (recovery), stress, excessive sweating
- hypertensive crisis
- eclampsia
- encephalopathy
- convulsions during gestosis
- threat of premature birth
- ventricular arrhythmias associated with prolongation of the QT interval
- ventricular tachycardia type "pirouette"
- arrhythmias due to low concentrations of potassium and/or magnesium
- epileptic syndrome
- urinary retention
- poisoning with salts of heavy metals (mercury, arsenic, lead)
Magnesium sulfate is a bile secretion stimulant.
Magnesium sulfate is a cholekinetic and stimulates the function of the gallbladder and reduces pressure in the biliary tract (Belmer S.V. et al.). A 33% solution of magnesium sulfate is often used as a stimulator of bile secretion during a duodenal intubation procedure followed by a biochemical study of bile, which makes it possible to diagnose disorders of bile formation, bile excretion and motility of the biliary tract (Sablin O.A. et al.).
Use of magnesium sulfate by pregnant and nursing mothers
The amount of magnesium sulfate that passes through the tablet or into breast milk depends significantly on the dosage form:
- for dosage forms intended for use as mineral supplements or laxatives and taken orally in recommended doses:
- FDA fetal risk category for therapy in pregnant women is “A” (adequate studies have shown no risk of adverse effects on the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy and no data on the risk in the second and third subsequent trimesters)
- there is no information on the penetration of magnesium sulfate into breast milk and the effect on the infant
- FDA category of risk to the fetus when treating pregnant women is “D” (evidence has been obtained of the risk of adverse effects of the drug on the human fetus, but the potential benefits associated with the use of the drug in pregnant women may justify its use despite the risk)
- if treatment is necessary, the mother must stop breastfeeding the baby
Trade names of drugs with the active ingredient magnesium sulfate
The following drugs with the active ingredient magnesium sulfate (including in the form of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate) are registered (have been registered) in Russia: Cormagnesin, Magnesium sulfate, Magnesium sulfate-Darnitsa, Magnesium sulfate solution for injection.
In the USA, medicine with the active ingredient magnesium sulfate is sold under the trade name Epsom Salt.
We recommend the article “Magnesium as a medicine.” Instructions for Ukraine (in Russian, pdf): “Instructions for medical use of the drug magnesium sulfate”, solution for injection, 04/04/2008.
In the United States, laxative medications are approved for use, intended to cleanse the intestines before colonoscopy and containing sodium sulfate among the active ingredients. One of these drugs is Suprep (active ingredients: magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate and sodium sulfate). The illustration below provides detailed instructions (in English):
Magnesium sulfate has contraindications, side effects and application features; consultation with a specialist is necessary.
Magnesium sulfate - food additive
Magnesium sulfate, as a food additive, has code E518 and is characterized by SanPiN 2.3.2.1293-03 as a hardener. Back to section
Overdose
Overdose with intravenous administration is manifested by the disappearance of the knee reflex, a sharp decrease in blood pressure, nausea, vomiting, bradycardia, respiratory and central nervous system depression.
calcium gluconate / chloride solution intravenously slowly (antidote), oxygen therapy , artificial respiration, symptomatic therapy.
Overdose when taken orally - diarrhea . Symptomatic treatment is carried out.
Interaction
Use with cardiac glycosides increases the risk of AV block; with muscle relaxants , neuromuscular blockade increases. When used together with vasodilators, the hypotensive effect is enhanced. The likelihood of depression of the respiratory center and central nervous system increases when used with barbiturates and narcotic analgesics .
Calcium salts reduce the effect of the drug. A precipitate is formed with clindamycin phosphate , polymyxin B , hydrocortisone , procaine hydrochloride , salicylates Ca2+ preparations , ethanol , strontium salts , arsenic acid , barium .
Use during pregnancy
The drug is used during pregnancy when there is a threat of premature birth. As an anticonvulsant with a hypotensive effect, it is the drug of choice for the treatment and prevention of seizures in eclampsia . Therapy is started if diastolic blood pressure is > 130 mm Hg. Art. Magnesium therapy is carried out for another 24–48 hours after birth. The criteria for stopping therapy are the disappearance of seizures, the absence of hyperreflexia and convulsive readiness, a persistent decrease in blood pressure, and normalization of diuresis. The use of this drug during labor is contraindicated because it reduces the contractile activity of the myometrium.
Analogs
Level 4 ATC code matches:
Calcium Chloride
Calcium chloride
Sodium chloride
Potassium chloride
Rheosorbilact
Reamberin
Magnesium sulfate-Darnitsa , Cormagnesin .
Reviews of Magnesium Sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate powder is often used as a laxative, reviews of which are contradictory. The laxative effect manifests itself differently in everyone: more or less pronounced. Many people note a significant increase in peristalsis and the occurrence of abdominal pain. Not everyone can drink the bitter, unpleasant solution, which sometimes causes vomiting.
It must be remembered that taking the drug is contraindicated in case of cholelithiasis or low blood pressure . This product has a good effect when performing blind probing.
Magnesium Sulfate is used for weight loss - reviews are given below.
The role of magnesium and sulfur for the full development of plants
Each plant needs about 2 g of magnesium per day during the period of fruit growth and ripening. Magnesium sulfate for plants should be combined with mineral supplements, as it helps to absorb basic nutrients: nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus.
Most often, magnesia is mixed:
- with potassium sulfate;
- with dolomite lime;
- with phosphorus fertilizers;
- with complex fertilizers containing equal amounts of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus.
Before applying magnesium fertilizers to the soil, liming should be done, since with the acidic reaction of the soil, magnesium is poorly absorbed by green spaces.
First, the soil is deoxidized, or limed.
Magnesium for plants is an anti-stress factor, as it protects leaves from exposure to sunlight, roots from freezing, and fruits from spoilage. A green organism without sufficient supply of magnesium becomes extremely sensitive to external influences.
Magnesium Sulfate for weight loss
Before any diet, it is advisable to cleanse the intestines and this remedy is used once. Why can’t you often resort to this method of cleansing the intestines? Magnesium sulfate irritates the gastrointestinal mucosa, disrupts the water-salt balance and, with frequent use, leads to dysbacteriosis . It was said above how to take the powder to cleanse the intestines.
To lose weight, you can take baths by adding a glass of powder or more to the bath. Bath time is 15-20 minutes. You need to take a bath before going to bed, for a course of 15 procedures, carried out 2 times a week. After the procedure, you need to cover yourself with a warm blanket to achieve profuse sweating. The effect is that excess fluid is removed, swelling is eliminated and metabolic processes are accelerated. The weight loss effect occurs due to fluid loss, but after a while everything comes back. Many consider this method as an emergency means for losing weight - reviews confirm this.
Sports magnesia
Its main function is to absorb moisture. To put it simply, athletes apply magnesium to their palms to dry their hands and reduce sweating. With the help of magnesium, the barbell stops slipping in hands that are sweaty from overexertion. And if you work out on the horizontal bar, then magnesium will provide better grip between your hands and the bar, which will allow you to do more pull-ups without the risk of falling down - after all, often you still have strength, but your hands are so slippery that you are forced to take a break.
It is worth noting that sports magnesium is used not only when working with free weights or exercising on the horizontal bar. The use of magnesium is also necessary when practicing rock climbing or gymnastics.
In many rooms, to maintain cleanliness, it is prohibited to use powdered magnesia; it is for such cases that it is produced in liquid form.
It is important to know that sports magnesium cannot be used for medicinal purposes, you cannot inject sports magnesium, or take it orally, as it may include additional components that improve its basic functions, such as absorbing moisture and providing better grip on the apparatus. .
Magnesium Sulfate price, where to buy
You can buy Magnesium Sulfate in all pharmacies in Moscow and other cities of Russia. Magnesium Sulfate powder, the price of which depends on the number of grams, costs between 38-58 rubles.
- Online pharmacies in RussiaRussia
- Online pharmacies in UkraineUkraine
- Online pharmacies in KazakhstanKazakhstan
ZdravCity
- Magnesium sulfate solution for intravenous administration.
0.25g/ml 10ml 10pcs JSC PFK Update 65 RUR order - Magnesium sulfate powder 20g pack. Tula FactoryTula Pharmaceutical Factory LLC
30 rub. order
- Magnesium sulfate powder for injection solution 25g Tula Pharmaceutical Factory LLC
31 rub. order
- Magnesium sulfate solution for intravenous injection. 25% 10ml 10 pcs. Grotex LLC
43 RUR order
- Magnesium sulfate solution for intravenous administration 250 mg/ml amp. 10ml No. 10 JSC Dalkhimfarm
57 RUR order
Pharmacy Dialogue
- Magnesium sulfate (20g pack) Aromasintez LLC
21 rub. order
- Magnesium sulfate (pack 25g) Tula FF
20 rub. order
- Magnesium sulfate (amp. 25% 10ml No. 10)Grotex LLC
46 RUR order
- Magnesium sulfate (pack 20g) Tula FF
21 rub. order
- Magnesium sulfate ampoules 25% 5ml No. 10Grotex LLC
34 RUR order
show more
Pharmacy24
- Magnesium sulfate-Darnitsa 25% 5 ml No. 10 solution
19 UAH. order - Magnesium sulfate-Darnitsa 25% 10 ml No. 10 solution
23 UAH order
- Magnesium sulfate 25 g powder PrAT FF "Viola", Ukraine
9 UAH order
- Magnesium sulfate 25% 10 ml N10 solution for injection
18 UAH order
- Magnesium sulfate 25g powder TOV Istok-Plus, Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine
11 UAH order
PaniPharmacy
- Magnesium sulfate Magnesium sulfate 25g Ukraine, Istok-Plus LLC
11 UAH order
- Magnesium sulfate Magnesium sulfate pores. 25g Ukraine, Viola FF CJSC
9 UAH order
- Magnesium sulfate ampoule Magnesium sulfate solution d/in. 25% amp. 10ml No. 10 Ukraine, Darnitsa ChAO
24 UAH order
- Magnesium sulfate ampoule Magnesium sulfate solution d/in. 25% amp. 5ml No. 10 Ukraine, Galichfarm JSC
18 UAH order
- Magnesium sulfate ampoule Magnesium sulfate solution d/in. 25% amp. 5ml No. 10 Ukraine, Darnitsa ChAO
21 UAH order
show more
Compatibility with other fertilizers
To prevent an acute shortage of magnesium and sulfur, the fertilizer is used together with nitrogen fertilizers. In the first half of the season, it helps in the absorption of nitrogen fertilizers. For example, combined application with urea will give plants a good start.
Combination with various humates (sodium, potassium) as a growth stimulant is acceptable.
Magnesium sulfate goes well with mineral supplements:
- In tank mixtures, fertilizer is mixed with phosphate fertilizers.
- Simultaneous application with dolomite and complex fertilizers (azophoska, borophosphoska, diammofoska) is acceptable.
- The combination of magnesium and boron is beneficial for strawberries and strawberries. In late April-early May, when leaves appear, leaf spraying is the most effective way to feed berry bushes. Special preparations are produced (for example, MagBor). For feeding, it is enough to dilute 1 tsp. of the drug in 10 liters of water and treat the plants leaf by leaf.
Advice from an experienced farmer
Tomatoes in indoor plantings often experience heat stress. Signs of heat stroke are leaves curling upward, “into a boat.”
For feeding plants and against excessive dry air, along with shading and chalk treatments of the bush in the greenhouse, a comprehensive application of magnesium sulfate and silicon additives will help. The source of silicon is liquid glass, silicate glue.
Reference . Magnesium and silicon, according to plant experts, significantly increase the heat resistance of crops. In the summer heat, green mass can withstand a temperature increase of 5-7C above permissible standards.
Preparation of the rescue solution:
- 1 tsp. silicate glue;
- 1 tbsp. l. magnesium sulfate;
- the ingredients are mixed, dissolved in 1 liter of water;
- Add 8-9 liters of settled water at room temperature to the mother solution, stirring continuously.
Spray the tomatoes with the prepared solution.
Caution . Silicate solutions are incompatible with tank mixtures of microelements:
- iron;
- copper;
- calcium.
