Many people have already encountered the drug Suprastin. It is taken for allergic reactions and for their prevention. The medicine is considered a histamine blocker.
- Is it necessary to dilute Suprastin?
- How much to give Suprastin to an adult
- Suprastin during pregnancy
- Is suprastin possible for newborns?
- Contraindications
- Adverse reactions and overdose
- special instructions
Pharmacological properties
Pharmacodynamics.
Chloropyramine, a chlorinated analogue of tripelenamine (pyribenzamine) is a first-generation antihistamine belonging to the group of ethylenediamines. in preclinical and clinical studies, as with the use of tripelenamine, the effectiveness of chloropyramine in the treatment of hay fever and other allergic diseases was revealed. The mechanism of action of the drug is to block histamine H1 receptors.
Suprastin reduces the severity of general symptoms of allergic diseases, in addition to antiallergic, has a sedative, hypnotic and antipruritic effect.
Very low doses of chloropyramine given to guinea pigs protected the animals from the effects of histamine, which was 120 times the lethal dose. The drug also acts on smooth muscles, capillary permeability and the central nervous system.
Pharmacokinetics. After oral administration, chloropyramine is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The therapeutic effect develops within 15–30 minutes after use, reaches a maximum within the first hour after administration and lasts 3–6 hours. Chloropyramine is metabolized in the liver. It is excreted mainly in the urine in the form of metabolites. The drug may be eliminated faster in children than in adults.
If renal function is impaired, the elimination of the active substance may slow down.
In case of liver failure, a dose adjustment of the drug is necessary due to a decrease in the metabolism of chloropyramine.
Composition of the drug.
Chloropyramine hydrochloride.
Excipients: lactose monohydrate, potato starch, sodium carboxymethyl starch, talc, gelatin and stearic acid.
How it works.
Chloropyramine - prevents the development and facilitates the course of allergic reactions, blocks certain histamine receptors - this is a local effect.
As a result, manifestations of allergic reactions - lacrimation, profuse rhinitis, swelling, cough, various rashes simply do not make themselves felt. But the same receptors are also in the brain, and they are responsible for the hypnotic effect. Therefore, taking suprastin is accompanied by weakness, drowsiness, fatigue and absent-mindedness.
When taken orally, the effect appears within 15-30 minutes, the maximum effect develops within 1 hour and lasts approximately 3-6 hours.
Application
The tablets are recommended to be taken orally during meals, without chewing and with a sufficient amount of liquid.
The daily dose for adults is usually 75–100 mg (3–4 times a day). For children aged 3–6 years - ½ tablet 2 times a day; 6–14 years — ½ tablet 2–3 times a day.
The dose can be increased depending on the patient's response and the development of side effects. The daily dose for children should not exceed 2 mg/kg body weight. The maximum daily dose is 4 tablets (100 mg). Therapy is considered complete after the symptoms of the disease disappear. If adverse reactions are detected, treatment with the drug must be discontinued.
Suprastin injection solution can only be administered by a doctor or nurse. Injections are administered intramuscularly. In case of anaphylactic shock or acute, severe allergic reactions, treatment is recommended to begin with intravenous administration of Suprastin, and then switch to intramuscular injections or oral tablets. The duration of therapy is determined by the doctor.
Adults. The daily dose for adults is usually 1–2 ml.
Children. Recommended starting dose:
- children aged 1–12 months: ¼ ampoule (0.25 ml);
- children aged 1–6 years: ½ ampoule (0.5 ml);
- children aged 6–14 years: ½–1 ampoule (0.5–1 ml).
In this case, it is necessary to use an insulin syringe with a long needle for intramuscular injection.
The daily dose for a child should not exceed 2 mg/kg body weight.
Liver dysfunction. A dose reduction may be necessary because liver disease reduces the metabolism of the active substance.
Renal dysfunction. If renal function is impaired, it is necessary to reduce the dose of the drug, since the active substance is excreted primarily by the kidneys.
Can Suprastin be used for newborns?
Newborns often develop allergies. Suprastin can be prescribed to newborns for:
- allergic rhinitis, which may appear on flowering plants;
- nettle fever;
- allergic reaction to other medications;
- allergies to insect bites.
Before taking, you definitely need a consultation and examination with a pediatrician. The main thing is not to exceed the dosage prescribed by your doctor. The tablets are taken orally.
Up to 1 year, you can give a quarter of a tablet 2 times a day. Grind the tablet well and pour 1 tbsp. l. milk. When the tablet is completely dissolved, you can give it to your baby.
From one year to 6 years, you can give a quarter of a tablet 3 times a day.
From 6 to 14 years – half a tablet 2 times a day.
Children over 15 years old – 1 tablet 3 times a day.
Contraindications
Pills. hypersensitivity to any ingredient of the drug; acute attack of asthma; angle-closure glaucoma; stomach ulcer; acute myocardial infarction; arrhythmia; simultaneous use of MAO inhibitors; urinary retention, prostatic hypertrophy; hypersensitivity to other ethylenediamine derivatives.
Solution for injections. Hypersensitivity to any ingredient included in the drug; acute attack of asthma; acute myocardial infarction, arrhythmias; benign prostatic hyperplasia; angle-closure glaucoma; simultaneous use of MAO inhibitors.
Side effects
From the central nervous system: sedation, increased fatigue, dizziness, ataxia, nervousness, trembling, convulsions, headache, euphoria, encephalopathy, blurred vision, drowsiness, deterioration of psychomotor functions.
From the cardiovascular system: arterial hypotension, tachycardia, arrhythmia.
From the digestive tract: pain and discomfort in the epigastric region, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, anorexia, increased and decreased appetite, increased severity of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux.
Blood disorders: leukopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, other pathological changes in the blood.
From the organs of vision: increased intraocular pressure, glaucoma.
From the kidneys and urinary system: dysuria, urinary retention.
From the skin and subcutaneous tissue: photosensitivity, allergic reactions.
From the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue: myopathy.
From the immune system: allergic reactions, including skin hyperemia, rashes, itching, urticaria, angioedema.
For the drug in the form of an injection solution also: changes at the injection site.
Methods of application
The drug in solution form is prescribed for severe allergy symptoms. In other cases, you can cope with pills.
The injection solution can be administered intramuscularly and intravenously. Only a qualified specialist should give injections. Adults usually receive an injection in the buttock. Children under one year old can receive an injection in the thigh. When the condition improves, you can switch to tablets.
If the injection is given incorrectly, pain and bruising may occur at the injection site. In such cases, you should stop taking it; no special treatment is required.
special instructions
Elderly patients, weakened patients. the drug is prescribed with extreme caution to these patients, since they are more sensitive to certain side effects of antihistamines (dizziness, drowsiness, decreased blood pressure).
Liver dysfunction. A dose reduction may be necessary because liver disease reduces the metabolism of the active substance.
Due to the anticholinergic and sedative effects of the drug, special caution should be used when using it in elderly patients, with impaired liver function or cardiovascular disease.
If the drug is used late in the evening, the severity of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux may increase.
When chloropyramine hydrochloride is used in combination with ototoxic drugs, the symptoms of ototoxicity may be masked.
Alcohol enhances the calming effect of chloropyramine on the central nervous system; therefore, during treatment it is necessary to avoid drinking alcoholic beverages.
Long-term use of antihistamines can rarely cause disorders of the hematopoietic system (leukopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia). If undesirable effects are observed during long-term use of the drug (fever, laryngitis, formation of ulcers on the oral mucosa, pallor, jaundice, hematomas, bleeding), it is necessary to stop treatment and monitor blood counts.
One tablet contains 116 mg of lactose. Patients with hereditary galactose intolerance, Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not use this drug.
Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding. There are no preclinical data for use in animals. The use of the drug during pregnancy and breastfeeding is contraindicated.
There are no adequate and well-controlled clinical studies in pregnant women, although retrolental fibroplasia has been described in neonates whose mothers received antihistamines during the last 2 weeks of pregnancy.
The ability to influence reaction speed when driving vehicles or working with other mechanisms. During use of the drug, especially in the first period of treatment, the drug may cause drowsiness and deterioration of psychomotor functions (see SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS). Thus, taking into account possible adverse reactions from the nervous system, driving vehicles or other mechanisms is prohibited at the beginning of therapy for a period determined individually.
Children. Suprastin tablets are used in children over 3 years of age. Suprastin, solution for injection, can be used in children from 1 month. Contraindicated for use in newborns and premature infants.
Interactions
MAO inhibitors increase and prolong the anticholinergic effect of suprastin. special care must be taken when prescribing the drug simultaneously with sedatives, barbiturates, hypnotics, tranquilizers, opioid analgesics, tricyclic antidepressants, atropine, muscarinic parasympatholytics due to the possibility of mutual potentiation of each other's effects.
Alcohol increases the severity of the depressive effects of the drug on the central nervous system; therefore, alcoholic beverages should be avoided during treatment.
When combined with ototoxic medications, warning signs of ototoxicity may be masked.
Antihistamines may prevent skin reactions in allergy testing, so such medications should be stopped several days before your scheduled skin allergy test.
Overdose
Intentional or accidental overdose of antihistamines can be fatal, especially in children. in case of an overdose of the drug, symptoms similar to atropine intoxication develop: hallucinations, anxiety, ataxia, impaired coordination of movements, athetosis, convulsions. in children the state of excitement dominates. may also detect dry mouth, dilated pupils, hot flashes, sinus tachycardia, urinary retention, and fever. in adults, fever and hot flashes are not always noted; the period of excitement is accompanied by convulsions and postictal depression. in addition, coma and cardiopulmonary collapse may develop, which can lead to death within 2–18 hours.
Due to the anticholinergic effect of the drug, the motor activity of the stomach may slow down, therefore, within 12 hours after an overdose, gastric lavage and administration of activated charcoal are necessary.
Monitoring of cardiopulmonary function is recommended. Treatment is symptomatic. A specific antidote is unknown.
Note!
Description of the drug Suprastin solution d/in. 20mg amp. 1ml No. 5 on this page is a simplified author’s version of the apteka911 website, created on the basis of the instructions for use.
Before purchasing or using the drug, you should consult your doctor and read the manufacturer's original instructions (attached to each package of the drug). Information about the drug is provided for informational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to self-medication. Only a doctor can decide to prescribe the drug, as well as determine the dose and methods of its use.
Suprastin during pregnancy
Despite the fact that the instructions say that the drug is prohibited for pregnant women, in some cases doctors prescribe Suprastin. A preliminary examination is carried out and the necessary tests are taken to assess the woman’s condition and the risk to the fetus. In the 1st trimester, taking the drug is not permissible. In the 2nd and 3rd trimester, in special cases, an appointment may be made under medical supervision.
Pregnant women are strictly prohibited from self-medicating.
Women who are breastfeeding should not take Suprastin, as the active substance can pass into breast milk.
