Psychiatry is often “mystified”, as a result of which the treatment of mental illness seems to most to be something extremely extraordinary, unknown and complex. And very often this is exactly what happens: the process of treating psychiatric patients really does cause a lot of problems and difficulties.
A psychiatrist is the same doctor as a therapist, cardiologist, ENT specialist, etc.
Society has developed a very specific attitude towards psychiatry, and it is unfounded and even absurd. Treatment by a psychiatrist, unfortunately, is condemned by people, considered shameful and often hidden from family and friends.
It is important to understand that mental health therapy is a routine treatment for an unusual illness. Nowadays, there are not so many differences between the principles of treatment in psychiatry and, say, therapy (although some “unusual” procedures are still used).
A person should not be more afraid of a visit to a psychiatrist than a visit to a therapist, cardiologist or ENT specialist. This, in many ways, is the key to the mental health of the population. Let's look at what a consultation with a psychiatrist can be like using the example of obsessive-compulsive neurosis, the treatment of which is very important due to its wide distribution.
Indications for use
It has antiemetic, sedative and antitussive effects. The reaction to external stimuli decreases, as does psychomotor agitation, affective tension, the feeling of fear is suppressed, and a weakening of aggressiveness is noted. Teraligen is used as a sleeping pill, but in a general sense it is not. Neuroleptics simply induce drowsiness and speed up the onset of sleep. And this must be taken into account in certain specialties.
Teraligen may induce drowsiness and accelerate the onset of sleep
That is, the pharmacological use of Teraligen is quite wide. The medicine is available in the form of dark pink, film-coated tablets. It contains 5 mg of alimemazine tartrate.
Teraligen is effective for neurotic disorders due to trauma, intoxication, vascular disorders in combination with autonomic disorders, anxiety and mild depressive disorders.
This medicine is used to treat the following diseases:
- somatized mental disorders;
- states of excitement and anxiety against the background of somatic pathologies;
- sleep disorders of various origins;
The drug is used to treat mental disorders and depression
- psychopathy with asthenic and psychoasthenic disorders;
- anxiety-depressive conditions within the framework of borderline endogenous and vascular diseases;
- senestopathic depression;
- allergic reactions (symptomatic treatment);
- neuroses and neurosis-like conditions of endogenous and organic origin with a predominance of senestopathic, hypochondriacal, phobic and psychovegetative disorders.
What is obsessional neurosis, and does it need to be treated?
The main goal of treatment is to maximize the patient’s quality of life. If a disease interferes with life, then it definitely needs to be treated. Does obsessional neurosis interfere with normal life? To understand this, you need to find out what is commonly understood by this term.
Obsession is the appearance in a person of thoughts or actions that are perceived by him as something alien. A person cannot get rid of them: obsessions force him to perform certain actions, thereby becoming the cause of debilitating mental discomfort.
Instructions for use of the drug Teraligen
Teraligen is taken orally, distributing the daily dose 3-4 times. It should be remembered that the effect of the drug begins 15-20 minutes after administration and lasts about 6-8 hours. Only a doctor can make a diagnosis and prescribe a dosage of medication! Do not self-medicate, it is dangerous.
Recommended dosage for adults:
- For difficulty falling asleep: 5-10 mg 1 time per day, 30 minutes before bedtime;
- For anxiety: 20 mg 3-4 times a day;
- For psychotic conditions: 50-100 mg 4 times a day.
Recommended dosage for children over 7 years of age:
- For difficulty falling asleep: 2.5-5 mg 1 time per day, 30 minutes before bedtime;
- For allergies: 2.5-5 mg 3-4 times a day;
- For anxiety: 5-10 mg 3-4 times a day;
- For psychotic conditions: 15 mg 4 times a day.
Contraindications
Teraligen is prohibited for use in the following cases:
- parkinsonism;
- myasthenia gravis;
- Reye's syndrome;
- hypersensitivity;
- simultaneous use of MAO inhibitors;
- pregnancy;
- breastfeeding period;
- angle-closure glaucoma;
- prostatic hyperplasia;
- severe liver and kidney diseases;
- children's age up to 7 years.
Teraligen is prohibited during pregnancy
Also, the drug is prescribed with caution when:
- suppression of bone marrow function;
- epilepsy;
- arterial hypotension;
- chronic alcoholism;
- jaundice;
- predisposition to urinary retention;
- open-angle glaucoma;
- obstruction of the bladder neck.
Side effects
Judging by the clinical data, patients taking Teraligen tablets tolerate the drug well. Therefore, the occurrence of side effects is rare. But if they do exist, then the list of side effects is as follows:
- From the genitourinary system: urinary retention, bladder atony.
- From the respiratory system: increased viscosity of bronchial secretions, dryness of the mucous membrane of the nose and pharynx.
- Allergic reactions: urticaria, photosensitivity, allergic dermatitis, Quincke's edema.
- Laboratory indicators: false positive pregnancy test result.
- From the senses: decreased visual acuity, ringing and tinnitus. From the blood vessels and heart: arterial hypotension, cardiac arrhythmia, dizziness.
- From the digestive tract: dry mouth, intestinal atony, anorexia, constipation.
- From the nervous system: asthenia, drowsiness, fatigue, paradoxical reactions (including anxiety, nightmares, irritability and agitation), confusion. In addition, it is possible to develop increased frequency of sleep apnea, increased seizure activity, as well as extrapyramidal disorders (including akathisia, hypokinesia and tremor).
- Others: increased sweating, decreased bone marrow function, muscle relaxation.
In addition, alimemazine can distort the results of skin prick tests for various allergens. Therefore, if you are having an allergy test, you should stop taking the drug no later than 72 hours in advance.
Teraligen valenta 5 mg 100 pcs. film-coated tablets
pharmachologic effect
Antipsychotic (neuroleptic).
Composition and release form Teraligen valenta 5 mg 100 pcs. film-coated tablets
Tablets - 1 tablet:
- active ingredient: alimemazine tartrate - 5.0 mg or 10.0 mg;
- excipients: lactose monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch, colloidal silicon dioxide (aerosil), croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate;
- shell composition: Opadry II 85F34655: partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol, macrogol-3350, talc, titanium dioxide E 171, carmine red dye E 120, aluminum varnish based on sunset yellow dye E 110, aluminum varnish based on indigo carmine E 132.
Film-coated tablets, 5 mg and 10 mg.
25 tablets in a blister pack or in a blister pack with perforation made of polyvinyl chloride film and printed varnished aluminum foil.
1, 2 or 4 contour packages along with instructions for use are placed in a pack.
Description of the dosage form
Dark pink film-coated tablets with an embossed symbol on one side and a stripe on the other.
Directions for use and doses
Inside. Without chewing. The effect of the drug is dose-dependent; doses are selected depending on the goals of therapy.
For adults
To achieve a vegetative stabilizing effect, 15-60 mg/day.
To achieve an anxiolytic effect, 20-80 mg/day.
To achieve a sedative and/or hypnotic effect, 5-10 mg once (20-30 minutes before bedtime).
For the symptomatic treatment of allergic reactions, 10-40 mg/day.
The course of treatment should begin with 2.5-5 mg in the evening with a gradual increase in the daily dose until the desired effect. The daily dose can be divided into 3-4 doses. The duration of the course of treatment can be from 2 to 6 or more months and is determined by the doctor.
The highest dose for adults is 500 mg/day, for elderly people (over 60 years old) - 200 mg/day.
Children from 7 years of age are prescribed according to the following scheme (depending on age and body weight).
To achieve an anxiolytic effect, 20-40 mg/day.
The course of treatment should begin with 2.5-5 mg with a gradual increase in the daily dose until the desired effect. The daily dose can be divided into 3-4 doses.
To achieve a sedative and/or hypnotic effect, 2.5-5 mg once (20-30 minutes before bedtime).
To achieve a sedative effect in behavioral disorders in psychotic conditions, it is possible to increase the daily dose to 60 mg/day.
For the symptomatic treatment of allergic reactions, 5-20 mg/day.
The duration of the course of treatment can be from 2 to 6 or more months and is determined by the doctor.
Children from 3 years old
For the symptomatic treatment of allergic reactions, 2.5-5 mg 3-4 times a day. The duration of the course of treatment can be from 2 to 6 or more months and is determined by the doctor.
For the purpose of sedation before surgery, children from 3 to 7 years old are prescribed at the rate of 2 mg/kg 1-2 hours before surgery. The maximum daily dose is 2 mg/kg.
Pharmacodynamics
It is a phenothiazine derivative.
Alimemazine acts as a mild sedative and anti-anxiety agent, has a positive effect on senesthopathy, obsession and phobia.
It is used for psychosomatic manifestations that develop as a result of neurovegetative disorders, vascular, traumatic and infectious disorders of the central nervous system. The sedative effect helps normalize sleep in patients in this category.
Has antiemetic and antitussive activity.
The sedative and anxiolytic effect is due to the blockade of adrenergic receptors in the reticular formation of the brain stem. The antiemetic and vegetative-stabilizing effect is due to the blockade of dopamine D2 receptors in the trigger zone of the vomiting center.
Due to its antihistamine activity, alimemazine is used for allergic diseases, especially the respiratory tract, and for itchy skin.
Alimemazine is more active in antihistamine and sedative action than diprazine. The antipruritic effect is due to the effect on type 1 histamine receptors.
Pharmacokinetics
Quickly and completely absorbed by any route of administration. The effect of alimemazine begins 15-20 minutes after administration and lasts 6-8 hours. The binding to plasma proteins is 20-30%. Metabolized in the liver. Excreted by the kidneys - 70-80% in the form of a metabolite (sulfoxide).
Indications for use Teraligen valenta 5 mg 100 pcs. film-coated tablets
In adults and children from 7 years of age
As a sedative (calming), anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) and sleep aid:
- dementia (including dementia due to epilepsy), occurring with manifestations of psychomotor agitation, anxiety affect (as part of combination therapy);
- organic anxiety disorder (as monotherapy or as part of combination therapy);
- schizophrenia (with a predominance of neurosis-like disorders, as part of combination therapy);
- mood disorders (affective disorders) - as part of combination therapy;
- generalized anxiety disorder (as part of combination therapy);
- obsessive-compulsive disorder (as part of combination therapy);
- reaction to severe stress and adaptation disorders (acute reaction to stress, post-traumatic stress disorder, unspecified reaction to severe stress, other reactions to severe stress) - as part of combination therapy;
- dissociative (conversion) disorders (as part of combination therapy);
- somatoform disorders (somatization disorder, undifferentiated somatoform disorder, hypochondriacal disorder, somatoform dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, persistent somatoform pain disorder, unspecified somatoform disorder, other somatoform disorders) - as part of combination therapy for severe anxiety or when standard therapy is ineffective;
- unspecified disorder of the autonomic nervous system, other disorders of the autonomic nervous system (as part of combination therapy);
- anorexia nervosa (as part of combination therapy);
- emotionally unstable personality disorder (impulsive and borderline types) - as part of combination therapy;
- hysterical personality disorder, anxious (avoidant, avoidant) personality disorder (as part of combination therapy);
- persistent personality change after experiencing a disaster (as part of combination therapy);
- hyperkinetic behavior disorder (as part of combination therapy);
- behavioral disorder limited to the family (as part of combination therapy when standard therapy is ineffective);
- unsocialized behavior disorder (as monotherapy or as part of combination therapy);
- anxiety, agitation and other symptoms and signs related to the emotional state (as part of combination therapy);
- other neurotic disorders (neurasthenia, unspecified neurotic disorder) - as part of combination therapy;
- insomnia of non-organic etiology (as part of combination therapy when standard therapy is ineffective);
- emotional disorders whose onset is specific to childhood (phobic anxiety disorder of childhood, social anxiety disorder of childhood, sibling rivalry disorder, unspecified emotional disorder of childhood, other emotional disorders of childhood) - as part of combination therapy.
As an antiallergic agent:
- itching regardless of location and etiology (anal itching, vulvar itching, unspecified anogenital itching, itching due to photocontact dermatitis and solar urticaria, dermatitis, eczema, urticaria, bites or stings from non-venomous insects or other non-venomous arthropods, chicken pox, measles, Diseases Hodgkin's disease, diabetes mellitus, herpes zoster) as monotherapy or as part of combination therapy;
- asthma, hay fever, whooping cough (as part of complex therapy as an antiallergic agent to relieve cough, shortness of breath and asthma attacks);
- unspecified allergy (as monotherapy or as part of combination therapy).
In children from 3 years old
As an antiallergic agent:
- itching regardless of location and etiology (itching due to photocontact dermatitis and solar urticaria, dermatitis, eczema, urticaria, bites or stings from non-venomous insects or other non-venomous arthropods, chickenpox, measles, Hodgkin's disease, diabetes mellitus, shingles, itching of the anus, itching vulva, unspecified anogenital itching) as monotherapy or as part of combination therapy.
As a sedative (calming agent):
- during medicinal preparation for surgery (for the purpose of sedation before surgery).
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug;
- lactose intolerance, lactase deficiency, glucose-galactose malabsorption;
- angle-closure glaucoma;
- prostatic hyperplasia;
- severe liver and/or kidney failure;
- parkinsonism;
- myasthenia gravis;
- Reye's syndrome;
- simultaneous use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO);
- pregnancy;
- lactation period;
- children up to 3 years of age when used as an antiallergic agent and for sedation before surgery, up to 7 years for other indications.
Carefully
The drug should be used with caution in case of alcoholism if there is a history of complications when using phenothiazine drugs; with obstruction of the bladder neck; predisposition to urinary retention; for epilepsy; open-angle glaucoma; jaundice; suppression of bone marrow function; arterial hypotension.
Application of Teraligen valenta 5 mg 100 pcs. film-coated tablets during pregnancy and breastfeeding
Contraindicated for use during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding). If pregnancy occurs during treatment, the drug should be discontinued.
If it is necessary to use the drug during lactation, breastfeeding should be stopped.
special instructions
Alimemazine may mask the ototoxic effect (tinnitus, dizziness) of co-administered drugs.
Alimemazine increases the body's need for riboflavin.
To prevent distortion of the results of skin prick tests for allergens, the drug should be discontinued 72 hours before allergy testing.
During treatment, false positive results for pregnancy are possible.
During treatment you should not drink alcohol.
Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and operate machinery
During treatment with the drug, you should not engage in activities that require increased concentration of attention and speed of psychomotor reactions (driving a car and other vehicles, working with moving mechanisms, working as a dispatcher and operator).
Overdose
Symptoms: increased manifestations of the described side effects, with the exception of allergic reactions.
Treatment: drug withdrawal, symptomatic therapy.
Side effects Teraligen valenta 5 mg 100 pcs. film-coated tablets
Side effects are extremely rare and mild.
From the nervous system: drowsiness, lethargy, fatigue (occurs mainly in the first days of use and rarely requires discontinuation of the drug), paradoxical reaction (anxiety, agitation, nightmares, irritability); confusion, extrapyramidal disorders (hypokinesia, akathisia, tremor).
From the senses: blurred visual perception (accommodation paresis), noise or ringing in the ears.
From the cardiovascular system: dizziness, decreased blood pressure (BP), tachycardia.
From the digestive system: dryness of the oral mucosa, atony of the gastrointestinal tract, constipation, loss of appetite.
From the respiratory system: dry nose, throat, increased viscosity of bronchial secretions.
From the urinary system: bladder atony, urinary retention.
Other: allergic reactions, inhibition of bone marrow hematopoiesis, increased sweating, muscle relaxation, photosensitivity.
Drug interactions
Alimemazine enhances the effects of narcotic analgesics, hypnotics, anxiolytic (tranquilizers) and antipsychotic (neuroleptic) drugs (drugs), as well as drugs for general anesthesia, m-anticholinergic drugs and antihypertensive drugs (dose adjustment required).
Tricyclic antidepressants and anticholinergic drugs enhance the m-anticholinergic activity of alimemazine.
With the simultaneous use of alimemazine with ethanol, increased depression of the central nervous system is possible.
Alimemazine weakens the effect of phenamine derivatives, m-cholinomimetics, ephedrine, guanethidine, levodopa, dopamine.
When alimemazine is used together with antiepileptic drugs and barbiturates, the threshold for convulsive activity is reduced (dose adjustment required).
When alimemazine is used together with beta-blockers, a pronounced decrease in blood pressure and arrhythmias are possible.
Alimemazine weakens the effect of bromocriptine.
With simultaneous use in nursing mothers, an increase in the concentration of prolactin in the blood serum is possible.
With the simultaneous use of alimemazine and MAO inhibitors (simultaneous use is not recommended) and alimemazine and phenothiazine derivatives, the risk of arterial hypotension and extrapyramidal disorders increases.
With the simultaneous use of alimemazine with drugs that inhibit bone marrow hematopoiesis, the risk of myelosuppression increases.
The combined use of phenothiazine derivatives (which includes alimemazine) with hepatotoxic drugs may enhance the manifestations of hepatotoxicity of the latter.
Analogs of the drug Teraligen
Teraligen has no analogues for the active substance - alimemazine tartrate. Substitutes that have a similar pharmacological effect belong to the group of neuroleptics.
Remember that the attending physician must prescribe medications, as well as substitutes!
Remember that the attending physician prescribes medications or their analogues
Klopiksol
Clopixol tablets contain zuclopenthixol hydrochloride. Although this is in some sense a substitute for Teraligen, and they are similar in pharmacological action, Klopixol has a stronger antipsychotic effect. Thanks to this, Clopixol is more often used to treat serious mental health disorders: schizophrenia, hallucinations, paranoia, manic states, dementia.
Clopixol is contraindicated in comatose states, acute poisoning by barbiturates, alcohol, opiates, pregnancy and breastfeeding. Clopixol, unlike Teraligen, is better tolerated by patients. Side effects are similar to Teraligen, but occur even less frequently and are not as pronounced.
Conapax
It is also an antipsychotic drug based on thioridazine hydrochloride. Sonapax has a more pronounced antihistamine and anticholinergic effect compared to other neuroleptics. Indicated for use in those cases described in the instructions for Teraligen. But it can be used to treat children from 4 years of age. Conapax is contraindicated in comatose states, acute depression, porphyria, pheoxomocytoma, hematopoietic disorders, in the first trimester and in the last week of pregnancy, during lactation tions. Sonapax is well tolerated, it can be taken by children, and its price is lower than Teraligen.
Chloprothixene Zentiva
The main active ingredient of Sanofi Chloprothixene tablets is chlorprothixene. Medicines are indicated for the treatment of: psychoses, schizophrenia, depressive states, mental disorders during menopause and for diseases of the brain (traumatic brain injuries, enc ephalopathy), alcoholic delirium, sleep disorders caused by psychosomatic and neurotic disorders, insomnia due to burns, skin diseases, accompanied by itching. Contraindications for use: hypersensitivity, coma, poisoning with drugs that depress nervous activity. When taking tablets, in addition to the side effects characteristic of Teraligen, disorders of the mammary glands and reproductive organs are possible: galactorrhea, amenorrhea, gynecomastia, c decreased libido.
Pipolfen
This is a Hungarian analogue of Teraligen based on promethazine hydrochloride. It is often used as a sedative for postoperative pain (in combination with analgesics), allergic diseases and other cases. Pipolfen has a fairly large list of contraindications and age restrictions, so before treatment, be sure to consult a specialist and read the instructions.
Examples of obsessional neurosis
It is very easy to explain the essence of this phenomenon with examples. Let's say you believe that you shouldn't look in the mirror before leaving the house. However, if you accidentally look in the mirror, you will still leave the house without giving it much importance.
Or, for example, a black cat on the road will not force you to reschedule your business: you may be a little worried, but you will soon forget about it. A person with compulsive obsessions, looking in the mirror, will bolt the door and stay at home all day, and, having met a black cat, go to the pharmacy for sedatives.
As you can see, obsessional neurosis makes the patient’s life very difficult. This means that we can say confidently and definitely: this disease definitely needs treatment, and the treatment must be professional and complete.
Teraligen and alcohol
The combination of drugs and alcohol does not go away without leaving a trace; it can often lead to very serious consequences. You should be especially careful when taking psychotropic medications like Teraligen.
Teraligen should not be taken with alcohol!
The instructions attached to the medication clearly indicate that it is strictly forbidden to take it with alcohol, since it can only increase the severity and intensity of the underlying pathology.
The annotation for the drug indicates the side effects that occur when combining Teraligen + Alcohol:
- irritability and anxiety, nightmares and emotional overexcitement;
- drowsiness and excessive fatigue, lethargy;
- confusion;
- visual impairment, manifested by blurred perceived image;
- disorders such as tremor, an internal need to constantly move, or, conversely, a condition associated with insufficient movement activity;
- frequent cases of respiratory arrest during night sleep;
- extraneous sounds in the ears, frequent dizziness and fainting, decreased blood pressure;
- dryness of the mucous membranes in the mouth, nasal cavity, pharynx, lack of appetite, various allergic manifestations;
- tachycardia disorders, hyperhidrosis, disorders in bone marrow hematopoiesis;
- urinary retention;
- lack of normal tone in the muscular system of the gastrointestinal tract, bladder, as well as muscle relaxation, etc.
Remember that antipsychotic drugs have a strong effect on the central nervous system. Only a doctor can prescribe antipsychotics. In addition, a prescription is required to purchase such medications.
