Skin hyperemia. What is it: venous, vacant, arterial, mixed, reactive. Mantoux, causes, first aid, treatment

Dermatovenerologist

Khasanova

Alina Rashidovna

8 years of experience

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Redness of the skin in a certain area of ​​the body, caused by the expansion of the vascular network and increased blood flow into these vessels, is called erythema. Unlike the manifestations of hemorrhage, when pressing on the affected area of ​​the skin, the redness disappears. Skin reactions are caused by various factors - adverse external influences, inflammatory processes, pathological changes. Red spots appearing on the skin may have clear or blurred boundaries, accompanied by swelling, peeling, itching, etc.

Types of pathology

Erythema is classified according to the type of vessels affected:

• active - occurring with a sharp expansion of the lumen of arterial vessels, accompanied by an acute inflammatory process, with bright redness of the skin, increased temperature, swelling and soreness of the skin;
• passive - formed when blood stagnates in the venous vessels during their expansion, accompanied by the appearance of bluish-red or burgundy spots, mainly accompanying inflammation with a chronic course.

Each variety is caused by different causative factors and requires a separate therapeutic approach.

Based on etiology, the following types of erythema are distinguished:

• non-infectious - which are the physiological reaction of the body to external or internal irritants (solar ultraviolet radiation, critically high or low temperature, allergens, etc.);
• infectious - caused by the penetration of infection into the skin capillaries through the surface of the epidermis, from the systemic bloodstream or through the mucous membrane.

Non-infectious manifestations usually do not require special treatment, as they go away on their own after the action of the provoking factor ceases. Infectious reactions are expressed in an inflammatory process that occurs in an acute or chronic form and is accompanied by certain symptoms.

Types of hyperemia

Hyperemia is primarily considered as a pathology of the circulatory system. There are two types of pathological hyperemia:

• arterial;
• venous.

Arterial is called excessive blood supply to an organ when the arteries supply large volumes of blood that the venous system does not have time to remove. Arterial hyperemia can be physiological when more blood begins to flow to the organ during increased load. And venous is called hyperemia, which occurs during normal blood supply, which the venous system cannot drain due to the resulting pathology. For example, with blockage, thrombosis, or atherosclerosis, the lumen of the vascular bed is significantly reduced, and the passage of blood flow is significantly hampered.

The cause of venous hyperemia may be low blood rheology. When it is thick, it is difficult for the heart to pump it throughout the body system. In such a situation, you need to undergo an examination to confirm the problem, and in case of really thick blood, the doctor will prescribe treatment. Most often, it is enough to buy a drug that thins the blood and reduces the risk of blood clots.

The neurotonic type of hyperemia is said to occur when the tone of the nerve conductors increases under the influence of certain factors. First of all, this is facilitated by emotional activity. The second factor that increases the tone of nerve fibers is infectious diseases affecting the nervous system.

Along with an increase in the conductivity of nerve fibers, there is also a reverse reaction - a decrease in tone. As a rule, this is a temporary phenomenon caused by many reasons, such as tissue compression, swelling, hypothermia. As soon as the obstacle to the passage of arterial blood is removed, the tissues are filled with biological fluid with increased intensity, which causes the effect of hyperemia.

Non-infectious manifestations

In accordance with the causes that caused them, erythema of non-infectious etiology is divided into:

• infrared - provoked by infrared radiation, the power of which was not enough for a full burn, and manifested in the form of a reddish vascular network;
• X-ray – caused by exposure to X-rays or high-frequency electromagnetic waves;
• symptomatic - appearing after contact with an allergenic agent in the form of hyperemic convex spots of irregular shape;
• idiopathic - formed under the influence of heredity as an increase in the diameter of capillaries at the junction with the vascular network, with redness of the palmar surfaces;
• cold - formed when the skin is exposed to low temperatures, manifesting itself in the form of a bluish-reddish rash with local swelling and itching;
• ultraviolet - appearing as a result of exposure to ultraviolet radiation on the skin.

In most cases, when the action of the provoking factor ceases, the redness disappears after some time. In some cases, symptomatic help is required.

Facial hyperemia

Facial hyperemia can occur as a result of a complex of vascular problems. A similar situation occurs with high blood flow speed and increased pressure. In addition, a small difference in the oxygen content between arterial and venous blood forces the heart and lungs to work harder, which provokes redness.

After a walk in the frosty air, hyperemia also occurs. It is caused by a sharp narrowing of the thin capillaries of the facial skin in response to low temperatures, which is replaced by a sharp increase in blood flow. This is how the body understands that there are areas of the body that are not protected by clothing, which need to be ensured vitality by being warmed by the bloodstream.

But there is also other redness caused by an allergic reaction to frost. This is the body's pathological response to cold. Such redness does not go away for a long time, even after returning to a warm room. This reaction indicates a decrease in immunity and the body’s inability to protect itself from adverse external factors.

Allergic facial hyperemia can be distinguished from physiological hyperemia by several signs. For allergies:

• redness occurs on all open areas of the body;
• hyperemia may take the form of urticaria;
• skin itching appears;
• the mucous membrane swells;
• there is a flow from the nose or tear duct;
• headache appears.

The temperature rarely rises during an allergic reaction.

Infectious pathologies

Various pathogens can provoke the development of infectious inflammation of the skin - bacteria, fungi, viruses or parasites. This form is characterized by an acute course, which can turn into a chronic form. The patient needs immediate medical attention.

In its acute form, the most common erythema infectiosum in children is caused by parvovirus B19. It is characterized by the sudden onset of the disease, the characteristic signs of which are:

• rapidly rising body temperature;
• muscle pain, headache;
• the appearance of a red rash covering the face and body on the third or fourth day after the onset of the disease;
• gradual increase and closure of spots.

After some time, clinical manifestations gradually fade away until they disappear completely. If left untreated, the process can become chronic. The patient remains able to transmit the infection to healthy people for several days after recovery.

Causes of hyperemia, provoking factors

Both external factors and internal changes in the body can provoke overcrowding of blood vessels. If in the second case drug treatment is necessary, then in the first it is enough to change the circumstances surrounding the patient.

To avoid creating favorable conditions for the occurrence of hyperemia, you should:

• regularly observe hygiene rules;
• apply creams to the skin intended for use at a specific time of year (in summer - protection from the sun, in winter - from cold wind);
• adjust your diet;
• Periodically visit a cosmetologist to carry out specialized procedures for the skin or do them yourself at home (for example, freeze a chamomile infusion and wipe your face and décolleté with a “chamomile” ice cube once a week).

Such preventive measures will help to avoid future drug treatment of skin pathologies.

Nodular pathologists

The causative agent of erythema nodosum is usually streptococcus, and less often - some other infections. It often occurs against the background of tonsillitis, scarlet fever, and tuberculosis. You can recognize it by the following signs:

• rashes of bright red color, with bulges forming in the subcutaneous layer;
• asymmetrically located spots;
• gradual bluing of the spots, then yellowing, similar to the resorption of bruises;
• presence of fever;
• painful sensations and itching in the affected areas of the skin;
• the presence of multiple seals on the legs.

The patient is prescribed a course of antibiotics, antihistamines, as well as external treatment with antiseptics.

Skin hyperemia - what is it?

Skin hyperemia (this is a condition by the presence of which one can understand whether there are deviations in the health of a particular person) occurs in people of all ages. Its occurrence may be due to a large number of secondary circumstances.

Hyperemia manifests itself in two ways:

1. The skin of a separate part of the body is covered with red (most often burgundy) spots of various sizes. In the vast majority of cases, such redness does not cause discomfort, and with proper treatment, the causes of their formation go away on their own.
2. Selected areas of the skin uniformly acquire a reddish tint. As in the first case, after eliminating the circumstances that caused the blood vessels to overflow, the redness goes away.

To understand whether a change in skin color is really a sign of hyperemia, the patient should evaluate the affected area.

In this case, pay attention to the presence of:

• differences in skin temperature;
• painful or simply uncomfortable sensations when pressed;
• swelling;
• constant tingling.

If these symptoms are detected, a person should consult a doctor to identify the root cause of hyperemia.

Multiform exudative pathologies

The etiology is still not fully understood. The cause is believed to be an infection present in the body. The disease is usually chronic, with constant relapses. Symptoms of erythema multiforme exudative type are:

• slight increase in temperature;
• pain in muscles and joints;
• rashes with a central papule and clear boundaries of spots, located mainly on the bends of the limbs;
• uneven color of spots;
• symmetrical location of rashes on the body;
• tendency to grow with the formation of “garlands”;
• slight deterioration in general health.

The main difficulty is diagnosis, since the signs partially correspond to a number of other diseases. Before prescribing a course of therapy, differential diagnosis is carried out. Medicines are selected taking into account the age characteristics of the patient.

Forms of hyperemia

Skin hyperemia is a consequence of internal changes in the body, which can be expressed in several forms.

Understanding which form of hyperemia is accompanied by a specific disease helps doctors quickly determine the cause of redness of the skin and eliminate it as soon as possible to avoid complications.

Migratory type pathology

Infectious dermatosis in the form of migratory erythema after a tick bite initially looks like a slight redness, which quickly increases in size and becomes ring-shaped with a clear hyperpigmented border. Unpleasant sensations, itching or burning may occur in the affected area. The stain persists for several days, in some patients up to a month. If left untreated, the disease becomes chronic, which is difficult to treat.

The disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelia, which is carried by ticks. The pathogen spreads in the body through the lymphatic and circulatory systems, penetrates various organs and other areas of the skin. The joints, muscles, and nerve tissues are most often affected, and less commonly, the tissues of the heart muscle and the lining of the brain.

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Hyperemia is

The definition of Hyperemia comes from the merger of two Greek words, where “hyper” means too much, and “haima” means blood. When blood accumulates in some part of the body or near some organ, we speak of hyperemia. Externally, it manifests itself as redness of the problem area, and sometimes the body temperature may rise locally. Sometimes a rush of blood causes tissue swelling.

There are several reasons that cause hyperemia. First of all, possible pathologies of the blood supply are identified: the inflow and outflow of blood in a specific area. If there are no problems in the circulatory system, then other possible causes are determined, including:

• temperature changes;
• stress;
• hormonal disorders;
• allergic reactions;
• infectious lesion;
• burn.

It is necessary to eliminate hyperemia from the diagnosis, since it is not a disease in itself, but is considered by medicine exclusively as a symptom.

Solving the problem yourself

Temporary, or transient, redness of the facial skin is not considered a pathology. It disappears on its own and does not cause much discomfort other than psychological. To remove occasional cases of hyperemia on your own, you should follow simple steps:

• Remove the irritating factor
  . Change the environment, wash off the allergen or toxic substance from the surface of the skin, try to calm down.
• Restore natural skin color
  . Folk remedies and herbal remedies help with this. You must first make sure that you are not allergic to the components.
• Take care to strengthen the protective barrier
  . To do this, it is advisable to carry out a set of measures aimed at improving the health of the body as a whole and maintaining the functional properties of the skin.

The following recommendations can also help get rid of a red face, but will require a long time and lifestyle adjustments.

Gentle cleansing and care.

You should wash your face with warm water, without contrasting temperatures, and dry with a soft towel with light blotting movements.

Prevention of infections.

An important rule is to never touch your face with your hands unnecessarily. The habit of removing pimples yourself can lead to infection not only local, but also general. Even with minor damage and scratches, it is worth immediately treating the area of ​​microtrauma with an aseptic substance.

Lifestyle.

The diet must contain foods rich in fiber and vitamins.
It is worth avoiding the consumption of salty foods, smoked meats, spicy seasonings and alcohol. Good sleep and a calm microclimate also help remove redness on the face. Caring cosmetics.
The beauty industry provides a wide range of cleansing, lipid-restoring and healing products. It can be difficult to understand them on your own, however, dermatologists recommend not to get carried away with cosmetics based on alcohol solutions and to carefully choose them. Individual consultation

First aid for hyperemia

If symptoms of hyperemia are detected, you should not self-medicate. Not understanding what circumstances provoked its appearance can lead to complications.

The only thing the patient can do before consulting a dermatologist is:

1. Take the antihistamine according to the dosage indicated in the instructions (if there is a possibility of developing an allergic reaction).
2. Avoid hypothermia or overheating.
3. Avoid cosmetic procedures that involve the injured area of ​​skin (especially those involving steaming or rough rubbing).
4. Wash your face with running water at room temperature at least 2 times a day.
5. To remove excess moisture, use a soft, clean towel and lightly blot the skin.
6. Apply protective cream to existing redness 1-2 times a day.

Before determining the cause of hyperemia, you should also adhere to a special diet, which involves the exclusion of highly allergenic foods. It is extremely important not to use hormonal ointments, since if they are prescribed incorrectly, they can not only aggravate the skin condition, but also have a negative effect on the body and the general hormonal balance of the patient.