Amiloride - characteristics, properties, instructions for use of the drug
Indications for use | Dosage regimen | Side effects and contraindications | Drug interactions
Amiloride is a loop diuretic with a pronounced potassium sparing effect. The drug is prescribed for diagnosed arterial hypertension, liver cirrhosis, and nephrotic syndromes. The drug is used in veterinary clinical practice for both cats and dogs. The selection of the correct dosage should be carried out by a qualified veterinarian based on laboratory and instrumental studies.
Indications for use
Amiloride is a diuretic with a pronounced potassium-sparing effect and is a loop drug, exerting an effect in the area of the distal renal tubules. Thanks to its pharmacological effects, the active substance provokes an increase in the excretion of chlorine and sodium ions, while reducing the excretion of potassium from the body. Compared to other thiazide-type diuretics, Amiloride has a less pronounced effect.
Experts prescribe the drug to patients along with diuretics that remove potassium from the body. This reduces the risk of developing pathological conditions such as hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia.
The main indications for the use of the diuretic drug Amiloride are:
- high blood pressure - hypertension;
- chronic heart failure;
- dystrophic processes in the liver (cirrhosis);
- nephrotic syndrome.
Amiloride dosage regimen used in human and veterinary medicine
The prescription of a diuretic is carried out by the attending physician of humane medicine, and for animals - by a veterinarian. The individual specialist selects the dosage of the drug, taking into account all the characteristics and diagnosis of the patient. For humans, the daily dose of the drug should not exceed 40 mg. The average daily dose ranges from 2.5 to 20 mg. Take the drug orally with a small amount of water.
Regarding veterinary medicine, Amiloride is used for both dogs and cats once a day. The dosage is calculated based on the body weight of the animal. On average, when taken orally, the amount of active substance should not exceed 1 mg/kg body weight.
Side effects and contraindications
Side effects while taking Amiloride may occur due to individual intolerance to the active component of the drug, as well as as a result of serious damage to internal organs (for example, hypokalemia, hepatic coma) or in case of overdose. The main side effects from internal organs in response to taking Amiloride are:
- attacks of nausea and eruption of gastric contents;
- a sharp decrease in the level of potassium ions in the blood;
- severe headaches in the animal;
- lethargy and apathy.
It is not recommended to use a systemic diuretic in the following conditions:
- hepatic coma;
- failure of renal structures in severe manifestations;
- chronic lack of potassium in the blood;
- hypersensitivity to the active substance.
It is worth noting that the greatest effectiveness when taking Amiloride is observed when the drug is combined with other diuretics that remove potassium ions from the blood. This allows you to minimize the risk of developing a serious condition - hypokalemia.
Drug interactions
Amiloride, when used in combination with Enalapril, Lisonopril, Ramipril and Captopril (ACE inhibitors - angiotensin-converting enzyme, prescribed for the prevention and treatment of heart and kidney failure, as well as to reduce pressure in the arteries) leads to the development of severe typical hyperkalemia. A fatal outcome is possible in a patient when using Amiloride with potassium preparations and potassium-sparing agents. Against this background, hyperkalemia develops, causing serious consequences, including the death of the patient.
The use of a loop diuretic in combination with an antibacterial agent from the penicillin series, Amoxicillin, leads to the fact that the absorption process of the antibiotic in the digestive tract is reduced. The likelihood of developing hyperkalemia increases in patients when using the diuretic Amiloride in combination with antihypertensive drugs - Eprosartan, Candesartan, Losartan.
After penetration into the body, the active substance begins to exert its effect after 2 hours, providing a pronounced diuretic effect for 24 hours. By acting on the distal region of the renal tubules, the modern diuretic drug Amiloride accelerates the process of removing chlorine and sodium from the body, while being a potassium-sparing agent. The diuretic effect of the drug is weaker than that of thiazide diuretics.
Uperio tablets 50 mg 56 pcs ➤ instructions for use
Contraindications: hypersensitivity to sacubitril or valsartan, as well as to other auxiliary components of the drug. Concomitant use with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, as well as a period of 36 hours after discontinuation of ACE inhibitors. A history of angioedema due to previous therapy with ACE inhibitors or ARB II. Concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes mellitus or in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment (eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 body surface area). Severe liver dysfunction (Child Pugh class C), biliary cirrhosis and cholestasis. Inresto is not recommended for use in children under 18 years of age due to the lack of data on efficacy and safety. Pregnancy, pregnancy planning and breastfeeding. Simultaneous use with other drugs containing ARA II, because the drug contains valsartan. With caution: caution should be exercised when using the drug Uperio in patients with severely impaired renal function (eGFR <30 ml/min/1.73 m2 body surface area), incl. in patients on hemodialysis or undergoing hemodialysis (eGFR <15 ml/min/1.73 m body surface area) due to the lack of safety data in patients in this category, patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis, with hypovolemia, which may be caused by diuretic therapy, a low-salt diet, diarrhea or vomiting, as well as in patients taking drugs that can increase the level of potassium in the blood serum (for example, potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium supplements). Caution should be exercised when using the drug simultaneously with statins, phosphodiesterase inhibitors 5 type. Caution should be exercised when using the drug in patients with a history of angioedema due to the lack of data on the use of the drug in patients in this category. Black patients may be more at risk of angioedema. Marked decrease in blood pressure. Cases of clinically significant arterial hypotension have been reported in patients receiving Uperio. If a pronounced decrease in blood pressure occurs, you should consider adjusting the dose of diuretics, concomitant antihypertensive drugs, as well as eliminating the causes of a pronounced decrease in blood pressure (for example, hypovolemia). If, despite these measures, a pronounced decrease in blood pressure persists, the dose of Uperio should be reduced or the drug should be discontinued for a while. Final discontinuation of the drug is usually not required. The likelihood of a significant decrease in blood pressure is generally greater in patients with hypovolemia, which may be caused by diuretic therapy, a low-salt diet, diarrhea or vomiting. Before starting to use the drug Uperio, you should correct the sodium content in the body and/or replenish the blood volume. Impaired kidney function. Like any other drug that acts on the RAAS, Uperio can cause deterioration of kidney function. In a comparative study of safety and effectiveness 14/17 (compared with enalapril), clinically significant impairment of renal function was rarely observed, and Uperio was discontinued due to such impairments less frequently (0.65%) than enalapril (1.28%). In the event of a clinically significant deterioration in renal function, a dose reduction of Uperio should be considered. When using the drug Uperio in patients with severe renal impairment, caution should be exercised. Hyperkalemia. Like any other drug that acts on the RAAS, Uperio may increase the risk of developing hyperkalemia. In a comparative study of safety and effectiveness (compared to enalapril), clinically significant hyperkalemia was rare, Uperio was discontinued due to hyperkalemia in 0.26% of patients, and enalapril in 0.35% of patients. Drugs that can increase the level of potassium in the blood serum (for example, potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium supplements) should be used concomitantly with Uperio with caution. If clinically significant hyperkalemia occurs, measures such as reducing dietary potassium intake or adjusting the dose of concomitant medications should be considered. It is recommended to regularly monitor serum potassium levels, especially in patients with risk factors such as severe renal impairment, diabetes mellitus, hypoaldosteronism or a diet high in potassium. Angioedema. During the use of the drug Uperio, cases of the development of angioedema have been reported. If angioedema occurs, the drug Uperio should be immediately discontinued and appropriate treatment and monitoring of the patient should be prescribed until all symptoms have completely and permanently resolved. Uperio should not be re-prescribed. In cases of confirmed angioedema, in which the swelling extends only to the face and lips, the condition usually resolves without intervention, although the use of antihistamines helps relieve symptoms. Angioedema, accompanied by swelling of the larynx, can be fatal. In cases where swelling extends to the tongue, vocal folds or larynx, which may lead to airway obstruction, appropriate treatment should be started immediately, such as subcutaneous injection of a 1:1000 solution of epinephrine (adrenaline) (0.3-0.5 ml) , and/or take appropriate airway measures. In patients with a history of angioedema caused by the use of an ACE inhibitor or ARB II, Uperio should not be used. Black patients may be more at risk of angioedema. Patients with renal artery stenosis. Like other drugs acting on the RAAS, Uperio may cause increases in serum urea and creatinine concentrations in patients with unilateral or bilateral renal artery stenosis. In patients with renal artery stenosis, the drug should be used with caution, regularly monitoring renal function. Effect on the ability to drive vehicles and/or machines. There is no data on the effect of the drug on the ability to drive vehicles and/or machines. Due to the possible occurrence of dizziness or increased fatigue, caution should be exercised when driving vehicles or operating machinery.
