Composition and release form
The drug is dispensed from the pharmacy in several dosage forms:
- Tablets have a thin soluble film coating.
- Suspension - mainly used for the treatment and prevention of children.
- Powder - represents small granules of a light shade. Used to prepare a solution.
All dosage forms are intended for oral administration. Packaged in cardboard packaging with attached instructions for use.
The active substance is nitrofurantoin. Its quantity varies depending on the form of release. Auxiliary components: calcium stearate, starch, silicon dioxide and more.
Contraindications for Furadonin
The following conditions are contraindications to taking an antimicrobial agent:
- Allergic reaction to the active or additional component.
- Severe heart failure.
- Liver cirrhosis.
- Chronic course of hepatitis.
- Serious liver disorders.
- Acute form of porphyria.
In addition, the drug is prohibited for use by children under 1 month of age and by women while pregnant and breastfeeding.
Along the beaten track
Judging by statistics, every second woman after the first episode of the disease develops a relapse within a year. And half of them have exacerbations more than 3 times a year. This happens because the initial treatment of acute cystitis was incorrect, and also because, when faced with a new case of the disease, many women, out of habit, take the medicine that helped them the last time. This is a huge mistake! The class of antibiotic must be changed, otherwise harmful bacteria, a small part of which could remain in the bladder, will develop resistance to the drug, and this will lead to the drug no longer working, and cystitis itself becoming chronic.
Therefore, a good doctor, before prescribing an antibacterial medicine, will definitely ask the patient how long ago and what kind of antibiotic he recently took.
BY THE WAY
In the West, cystitis is an inflammatory disease of the bladder and urethra. And in Russia, the disease is divided into cystitis and urethritis. In the first case we are talking about inflammation of the bladder, in the second – about inflammation of the urethra. And although these are details, we will adhere to the domestic view of the disease.
Side effects
The use of Furadonin may cause side effects such as:
- Disturbance of the digestive tract - nausea, vomiting, emaciation, pain in the epigastric region. Signs of hepatitis, jaundice and diarrhea are rarely observed.
- Dysfunction of the respiratory system - cough, chest discomfort, eosinophilia are observed, signs of asthma develop in people suffering from asthma attacks.
- Headache, dizziness, insomnia or drowsiness.
- Allergic reaction - skin rash, hyperemia, itching. Urticaria and angioedema are sometimes possible.
- Changes in laboratory blood values.
- Other manifestations include fever, myalgia, and arthralgia.
Instructions for use of Furadonin
The medicine must be taken after meals with a sufficient amount of water. The tablets should not be chewed, but simply swallowed whole.
The therapeutic dosage of the drug per day is 0.3 g, maximum 0.6 g for adult patients. This dose is divided into 3-4 doses per day.
For the treatment of mild forms of the infectious process, it is indicated to use 50 mg three times a day.
In acute conditions, a course lasting 7-10 days is prescribed. If no therapeutic effect is observed after the end of the course, the drug is not extended.
To prevent exacerbations of pathological processes and prophylaxis, the medicine is taken in an amount of 1-2 mg/kg body weight.
For children, the therapeutic dose is calculated individually. Per 1 kg of weight there are 5-7 mg of the drug. The total amount is divided into 4 doses during the day.
To make treatment with an antimicrobial agent more effective, it is necessary to consume more protein foods during the course.
Doesn't tolerate delay
The symptoms of acute cystitis are known to everyone: pain in the lower abdomen, frequent painful urination, sometimes even blood in the urine. There are also severe pains that radiate to the anus or perineum. If, in such a situation, you immediately contact a therapist and quickly get tested to confirm the diagnosis, and then begin antibacterial treatment, then within a week you can forget about the disease.
If you delay visiting a doctor, then after 14 days acute cystitis will turn into a chronic form, which can occur with mild symptoms: that is, without severe pain and significant discomfort. And those minor ailments that may occur, many patients courageously endure. Sometimes - for years. Even establishing the correct diagnosis in this case is a big problem, and even more so getting cured. The danger is also that prolonged inflammation in chronic cystitis can eventually lead to cell degeneration and the development of bladder cancer. Therefore, you should go to the doctor as soon as you feel sick, and not sometime later, when there is a rush at work. Or when it gets easier.
Interaction with other drugs
It is prohibited to take the medicine together with fluoroquinolones.
The antimicrobial effect of the drug is reduced when taken simultaneously with antacid medications containing magnesium trisilicate and nalidixic acid.
Drugs that block tubular secretion also lead to a decrease in the pharmacological effect. They, with increasing concentrations of nitrofurantoin, can increase the toxicity of the drug.
The therapeutic effect of the antimicrobial drug is suppressed in alkaline urine. Therefore, it is forbidden to combine the medicine with other drugs that increase the pH of urine.
It is not recommended to combine Furadonin with Probenecid and Sulfinpyrazone, as they inhibit the process of drug elimination.
Furadonin-Avexima tablets 100 mg No. 20
With caution: For diabetes, anemia, electrolyte imbalance, deficiency of B vitamins, liver failure, lung diseases, a tendency to develop peripheral neuropathies (itching of hands, feet, numbness).
Directions for use and doses
The drug is taken orally, during meals, with plenty of liquid.
Adults and children over 12 years old:
For acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections - 100 mg (1 tablet) 2 times a day. The course of treatment is 7 days.
Symptoms of the disease may disappear before the infection is cured, and the disease may get worse again if you stop using the medicine.
For severe complicated recurrent infections - 100 mg (1 tablet) 3-4 times a day for 7 days. If nausea occurs, reduce the dose or stop taking it.
Prevention of urinary tract infections, including in uncomplicated chronic diseases and during urological operations or examinations (cytoscopy, urinary tract catheterization, etc.) - 100 mg (1 tablet) at night.
Children under 12 years of age: the use of the drug is not recommended due to the large dose of the active substance in one tablet.
Storage conditions
Store in a place protected from light, at a temperature not exceeding 25°C.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Best before date
4 years. Do not use after the expiration date stated on the package.
special instructions
The incidence of side effects from the gastrointestinal tract decreases when taking the drug with food and plenty of liquid.
Caution should be observed in case of anemia, diabetes mellitus, electrolyte imbalance, deficiency of B vitamins and folic acid, lung diseases, liver failure, as well as a tendency to develop peripheral neuropathies (itching of the hands or feet, numbness).
The drug should be discontinued at the first signs of peripheral neuropathy (paresthesia), since the development of this complication can be life-threatening.
When the first reactions of hypersensitivity of the lungs, development of hepatitis, or blood disorders appear, the drug should be stopped and appropriate measures taken.
During long-term treatment, pulmonary function should be monitored, especially in elderly patients in whom pulmonary function may deteriorate (see section "Side effects").
During long-term treatment, liver function should be monitored (see sections “Contraindications” and “Side Effects”).
If QC is less than 60 ml/min, the therapeutic concentration of nitrofurantoin in the urine is not achieved, accumulation of the active substance and an increased risk of toxicity are possible (see section “Contraindications”).
The drug should be discontinued if signs of hemolysis appear in patients with suspected glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Nitrofurantoin may turn your urine dark yellow or brown. Nitrofurantoin should not be used to treat diseases of the renal cortex, purulent paranephritis, or prostatitis.
The drug should not be taken to treat pyelonephritis, which is accompanied by inflammation of parenchymal tissue or perirenal inflammation.
Nitrofurantoin should not be used in combination with drugs that cause renal impairment.
Treatment with nitrofurantoin may lead to the emergence of resistant microorganisms.
Patients receiving nitrofurantoin may experience false-positive reactions when determining glucose in the urine.
During treatment you should not drink alcoholic beverages.
Description
Antibacterial drug, nitrofuran derivative. Uroantiseptic.
Dosage form
Tablets yellow or yellow with a greenish tint, round, flat-cylindrical, chamfered; Light marbling is allowed on the surface.
Use in children
Contraindication: children under 12 years of age (for this dosage form).
Pharmacodynamics
Broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, nitrofuran derivative.
It has a bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect against urinary tract infections. Nitrofurantoin is active against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp. Effective mainly for urinary tract infections.
Side effects
The incidence of adverse reactions noted when taking nitrofurantoin is given in the following gradation: very often (≥ 1/10), often (≥ 1/100, < 1/10), infrequently (≥ 1/1000, < 1/100), rare (≥ 1/10,000, < 1/1000), very rare (< 1/10,000) and frequency unknown (cannot be estimated from available data).
Infectious and parasitic diseases:
frequency unknown - pseudomembranous colitis, superinfection of the genitourinary tract, most often caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Candida spp.
Blood and lymphatic system disorders:
rarely - megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia or agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
Immune system disorders:
very rarely - lupus-like syndrome (rash, eosinophilia, fever, arthralgia), in which an increase in two or more parameters is observed in the blood serum - antinuclear antibodies, antibodies to smooth muscle or to the glomerular basement membrane and Coombs' reaction. In some cases - angioedema, anaphylaxis, autoimmune reactions associated with chronic changes in the lungs or liver.
Nervous system disorders:
often - headache;
rarely - increased intracranial pressure;
frequency unknown - dizziness, asthenia, nystagmus, drowsiness; peripheral polyneuropathy (including optic neuritis), the first symptoms of which are a feeling of numbness and burning in the legs, muscle weakness.
Disorders of the respiratory system, chest and mediastinal organs:
very rare: acute and chronic hypersensitivity reactions of the lungs, characterized by fever, eosinophilia, cough, chest pain, shortness of breath (“nitrofurantoin pneumonia”), interstitial changes in the lungs, broncho-obstructive syndrome, pleurisy. Pulmonary infiltrate or consolidation and pleural effusion may appear within hours or days of initiation of therapy; they usually resolve after stopping the drug. Subacute or acute pulmonary symptoms, including pulmonary fibrosis, may develop insidiously in patients with prolonged therapy; fibrosis may be irreversible, especially if therapy is continued after the onset of symptoms (see section "Contraindications").
Gastrointestinal disorders:
often - nausea, vomiting, lack of appetite;
rarely - diarrhea, abdominal pain, pancreatitis, inflammation of the salivary glands.
Disorders of the liver and/or biliary tract:
rarely - hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice (dose-independent and disappear after discontinuation of the drug).
Disorders of the skin and subcutaneous tissues:
often - allergic reactions (skin rashes, urticaria, itching);
very rarely - exfoliative dermatitis, erythema multiforme.
Disorders of the genital organs and breast:
very rarely - a passing disorder of spermatogenesis.
Other:
rarely - joint pain, reversible hair loss.
Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding
The drug is contraindicated during pregnancy.
If it is necessary to use the drug during lactation, breastfeeding should be stopped.
Interaction
Antacids and adsorbents reduce the absorption of nitrofurantoin.
The simultaneous use of nitrofurantoin and drugs of the quinolone group (nalidixic acid, fluoroquinolones) leads to a decrease in the antibacterial effect of the latter.
Agents that promote the excretion of uric acid (probenecid and sulfinpyrazone) can block secretion by the renal tubules, thereby reducing the concentration of nitrofurantoin in the urine (decreasing the antibacterial effect) and increasing the concentration in the blood (increasing toxicity).
The antibacterial effect of nitrofurantoin decreases in an alkaline environment, therefore it is not recommended to combine nitrofurantoin with drugs that increase urine pH (sodium hydrogen carbonate).
Overdose
Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness.
Treatment: taking large amounts of fluid leads to increased excretion of nitrofurantoin in the urine. Dialysis is effective.
Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and operate machinery
During the treatment period, care must be taken when driving vehicles and engaging in other potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration and speed of psychomotor reactions, due to side effects on the nervous system.
