Acetylsalicylic acid 500 mg No. 10 tab.

Content:

1. Action of acetylsalicylic acid.
2. Acetylsalicylic acid: effects harmful to health.
3. Amphetamine and acid.
4. Is it possible to take acetylsalicylic acid with amphetamine?
5. Acetylsalicylic acid: how much is the permissible limit.

People diagnosed with drug addiction often do not limit themselves to just one stimulant. They begin to use various medications to enhance the psychoactive effect. One such medicine is Aspirin. However, uncontrolled use of acetylsalicylic acid provokes the development of serious pathologies and gastric bleeding.

Action of acetylsalicylic acid

Aspirin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The mechanism of its analgesic effect is the inhibition of the synthesis of thromboxanes and prostaglandins, which increase sensitivity to histamine and bradykinin, pain mediators. In addition, it has the following pharmacological effects:

• Anti-inflammatory - occurs due to the ability to reduce capillary permeability, reduce the activity of hyaluronidase at the site of inflammation and slow down its energy supply, inhibiting the synthesis of the energy source ATP.
• Antipyretic - due to a decrease in the amount of type E prostaglandins in the areas of thermoregulation in the hypothalamus, skin vessels dilate, profuse sweating occurs and the temperature drops.
• Blood thinner - reduces the production of thrombaxane in platelets, which reduces blood clotting and enhances the ability to dissolve blood clots.

Acetylsalicylic acid is quickly absorbed in the stomach. In addition, it blocks the production of cyclooxygenase, which protects the stomach from hydrochloric acid, which causes the risk of ulcers. The irritating effect occurs every time the drug is taken and causes hidden microbleeding. Aspirin begins to work within 15–20 minutes. It is excreted unchanged by the kidneys. In medicine it is used to treat rheumatism, fever, pain, and to prevent heart attacks and strokes.

Acetylsalicylic acid 500 mg No. 10 tab.

Instructions for medical use of the drug ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID Trade name Acetylsalicylic acid International nonproprietary name Acetylsalicylic acid Dosage form Tablets 0.5 g Composition One tablet contains the active substance: acetylsalicylic acid - 0.5 g, excipients: citric acid, potato starch, talc. Description White tablets, slightly marbled, odorless or with a weak characteristic odor, flat-cylindrical with a score and a chamfer. Pharmacotherapeutic group: Other analgesics-antipyretics. Salicylic acid and its derivatives. Acetylsalicylic acid. ATX code N02BA01 Pharmacological properties Pharmacokinetics When taken orally, it is quickly and completely absorbed. During absorption, it undergoes presystemic elimination in the intestinal wall and in the liver (deacetylated) with the formation of the main metabolite - salicylic acid. The maximum level of concentration in the blood plasma is reached after 10-20 minutes (acetylsalicylic acid) or 45-120 minutes (total level of salicylates). Acetylsalicylic acid is distributed into most tissues and body fluids. Penetrates through the blood-brain and placental barriers. It is excreted in small quantities in breast milk. The degree of binding of acids to plasma proteins depends on the concentration, which is 49-70% for acetylsalicylic acid and 66-98% for salicylic acid. 50% of the administered dose of the drug is metabolized during the initial passage through the liver. Metabolites of acetylsalicylic and salicylic acids are the glycine conjugant of salicylic acid, gentisic acid and its glycine conjugant. The biotransformation of salicylates occurs primarily in the liver with the formation of 4 main metabolites found in many tissues and urine. Excretion of salicylates is carried out mainly by active secretion in the renal tubules in unchanged form (60%) and in the form of metabolites. The rate of excretion depends on the dose - when taking small doses, the half-life is 2-3 hours, and with increasing doses it can increase to 15-30 hours. The anti-inflammatory effect of the drug occurs after 1-2 days of administration (after creating a constant therapeutic level of salicylates in the tissues, which is approximately 150-300 mcg/ml), reaches a maximum at a concentration of 20-30 mg% and persists throughout the entire period of use. Pharmacodynamics Acetylsalicylic acid has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects. The anti-inflammatory effect of acetylsalicylic acid is explained by its influence on the processes occurring at the site of inflammation: a decrease in capillary permeability, a decrease in hyaluronidase activity, limiting the energy supply of the inflammatory process by inhibiting the formation of ATP, etc. The antipyretic effect is associated with an effect on the hypothalamic thermoregulation centers. The analgesic effect is due to the effect on pain sensitivity centers and the ability of salicylates to reduce the algogenic effect of bradykinin. One of the main mechanisms of action of acetylsalicylic acid is the inactivation (suppression of activity) of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (an enzyme involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins), as a result of which the synthesis of prostaglandins is disrupted. Impaired prostaglandin synthesis leads to loss of sensitivity of peripheral nerve endings to kinins and other inflammatory and pain mediators (transmitters). Due to the disruption of prostaglandin synthesis, the severity of inflammation and their pyrogenic (increasing body temperature) effect on the thermoregulation center decreases. In addition, the effect of prostaglandins on sensory nerve endings is reduced, leading to a decrease in their sensitivity to pain mediators. Acetylsalicylic acid inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking the synthesis of thromboxane A2 in platelets and has an antiplatelet effect. Indications for use: treatment of moderate or mild pain: headache (including withdrawal symptoms), toothache, sore throat, back and muscle pain, joint pain, pain during menstruation - elevated body temperature in adults and children over 16 years of age for colds and other infectious and inflammatory diseases Method of administration and dosage Method of administration: orally, the drug should be taken after meals with water. For pain syndrome in adults: single dose is 0.25 – 0.5 g (1/2-1 tablet), maximum single dose is 1.0 g (2 tablets of 0.5 g), maximum daily dose is 3.0 g (6 tablets of 0.5 g), a single dose, if necessary, can be taken 3-4 times a day with an interval of at least 4 hours. For children over 16 years of age, a single dose of 250 mg (1/2 tablet) 2 times a day, maximum daily dose of 750 mg. As an antipyretic drug, it is prescribed at a body temperature of more than 38.5°C (in patients with a history of febrile convulsions - at a temperature of more than 37.5°C) in a dose of 0.5 - 1.0 g. Regular adherence to the drug regimen allows you to avoid sharp increase in temperature and reduce the intensity of pain. The duration of use (without consulting a doctor) should not exceed 5 days when prescribed as an analgesic and more than 3 days when prescribed as an antipyretic. Side effects - headache, dizziness, tinnitus, decreased hearing acuity, blurred vision - decreased appetite, stomach pain, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, severe bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract - erosive and ulcerative lesions of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum - thrombocytopenia, anemia, leukopenia - Reye/Reye syndrome (progressive encephalopathy: nausea and uncontrollable vomiting, respiratory distress, drowsiness, convulsions; fatty liver, hyperammonemia, increased levels of AST, ALT) - allergic reactions: urticaria, bronchospasm, anaphylactic reactions, angioedema, “aspirin triad”: a combination of bronchial asthma, recurrent polyposis of the nose and paranasal sinuses and intolerance to acetylsalicylic acid With long-term use: - interstitial nephritis, prerenal azotemia with increased creatinine in the blood and hypercalcemia, acute renal failure, nephrotic syndrome - papillary necrosis - edema - aseptic meningitis - increased symptoms of chronic heart failure - increased levels of aminotransferases in the blood If any of the side effects indicated in the instructions get worse, or you notice any other side effects not listed in the instructions, tell your doctor. Contraindications - hypersensitivity to salicylic acid, its derivatives, other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or other components of the drug - erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract (in the acute phase) - hemorrhagic diathesis, predisposition to hemorrhages, increased bleeding, bleeding disorders (telangiectasia, thrombocytopenic purpura, hemophilia, von Willebrand disease, hypoprothrombinemia, vitamin K deficiency, thrombocytopenia) - “aspirin triad”: a combination of bronchial asthma, recurrent polyposis of the nose and paranasal sinuses and intolerance to acetylsalicylic acid - acute heart failure - dissecting aortic aneurysm - portal hypertension - renal and liver failure - gout and gouty arthritis - taking methotrexate at a dose of 15 mg/week or more - pregnancy and lactation - childhood and adolescence up to 16 years - deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Caution with concomitant therapy with anticoagulants; peptic ulcer of the stomach and/or duodenum (history), including chronic or recurrent course of peptic ulcer, or episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding; hyperuricemia. Drug interactions When acetylsalicylic acid is used together with indirect anticoagulants, platelet aggregation inhibitors, and thrombolytic agents, the risk of bleeding increases. During treatment with the drug, the side effects of methotrexate are aggravated (when taking the latter more than 15 mg/week, acetylsalicylic acid is contraindicated). When taken simultaneously, it increases the toxicity of valproic acid, barbiturates, narcotic analgesics, sulfonamides (including co-trimoxazole), triiodothyronine, digoxin by displacing them from protein binding. When used simultaneously with oral hypoglycemic drugs - sulfonylurea derivatives - the hypoglycemic effect is enhanced. When used together, the drug and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs enhance the main and side effects of the latter. Glucocorticosteroids enhance the toxic effect of acetylsalicylic acid on the gastric mucosa, increase the clearance of acetylsalicylic acid and reduce its concentration in the blood plasma. The drug weakens the effect of spironolactone, furosemide, antihypertensive and anti-gout drugs that promote the excretion of uric acid by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandin in the kidneys. Myelotoxic drugs increase the manifestations of hematotoxicity of the drug. Antacids containing magnesium and/or aluminum slow down and impair the absorption of acetylsalicylic acid. Strengthens the toxic effect of alcohol on the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract. Special instructions Acetylsalicylic acid increases the risk of bleeding even when taking small doses and for several days after taking it. Before any surgical procedure, inform your doctor, surgeon, anesthesiologist or dentist that you are taking acetylsalicylic acid. 5-7 days before surgery, it is necessary to stop taking the drug (to reduce bleeding during surgery and in the postoperative period). If long-term therapy is necessary, it is recommended to regularly perform blood tests and examine stool for occult blood. Especially in persons with erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, a history of gastrointestinal bleeding, impaired renal and liver function. Should not be prescribed simultaneously with other painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs. In patients with bronchial asthma, nasal polyposis and hay fever, the use of acetylsalicylic acid can provoke an exacerbation of the disease. Acetylsalicylic acid reduces the excretion of uric acid from the body, which can cause an acute attack of gout in predisposed patients. Use in pediatrics The drug acetylsalicylic acid is not prescribed to children and adolescents under the age of 16 years with acute respiratory diseases caused by viral infections, with diseases accompanied by hyperthermia due to the risk of developing Reye/Reye syndrome. Therefore, the use of acetylsalicylic acid in this group of patients is contraindicated. Features of the effect of the drug on the ability to drive a vehicle or potentially dangerous mechanisms Considering the possible side effects, you must be careful when driving a vehicle or potentially dangerous mechanisms. Overdose Symptoms: dizziness, visual and hearing impairment, nausea, vomiting, increased breathing. Later, depression of consciousness occurs up to coma, respiratory failure, acid-base imbalance (respiratory alkalosis, then metabolic acidosis), acute renal failure (ARF), shock. Deadly intoxication is possible when taking a dose of 200 to 500 mg/kg. Treatment: induce vomiting or perform gastric lavage, prescribe activated charcoal, laxatives. Further treatment should be carried out in a specialized department. Release form and packaging 10 tablets are placed in a blister pack made of polyvinyl chloride film and printed varnished aluminum foil. Outline packages with an equal number of instructions for medical use in the state and Russian languages ​​are placed in a group cardboard box. Storage conditions Store in a dry place, protected from light, at a temperature not exceeding 25°C. Keep out of the reach of children! Shelf life: 4 years Do not consume after expiration date. Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies Without a prescription, Russia 623856, Sverdlovsk region, Irbit, st. Kirova, 172. Owner of the registration certificate OJSC Irbit Chemical-Pharmaceutical Plant, Russia Address of the organization that accepts claims from consumers regarding the quality of products (goods) OJSC Irbit Chemical-Pharmaceutical Plant 623856, Sverdlovsk region, Irbit, st. Kirova, 172

Acetylsalicylic acid: effects harmful to health

Aspirin should not be taken by people with individual intolerance to salicylates, diabetes mellitus, gastritis, stomach ulcers, or asthma. And also for those who have increased bleeding and before surgery. Cannot be mixed with alcohol. With chronic abuse of this medicine, the following conditions may develop:

• Digestion: nausea; discomfort in the solar plexus area; vomit; exhaustion; diarrhea; ulcers; bleeding; pathologies of liver functions.
• Central nervous system: dizziness, headache, aseptic meningitis, tinnitus, visual disturbances that resolve after discontinuation of the drug, Reye's syndrome.
• Circulatory system: anemia; prolongation of bleeding time; hemorrhagic syndrome.
• Functional kidney disorders, in case of overdose - acute renal failure, nephrotic syndrome.
• Skin: inhibits wound healing.

In addition to these diseases, hyperkalemia may develop from consuming large doses, in which the patient needs emergency care due to cardiac arrhythmias. Due to a decrease in uric acid excretion, gout may worsen.

Side effects

Despite its apparent safety, the drug has a wide range of side effects, including fatal ones. Most often they appear with incorrect dosage and long-term use:

• allergic reactions, manifested by a rash, Quincke's edema, asthma attack;
• thrombocytopenia;
• dyspeptic symptoms (heartburn, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea);
• anemic syndrome;
• headache;
• development of ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT);
• bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract (especially when using rectal suppositories);
• liver dysfunction;
• hearing impairment;
• diabetes mellitus (due to damage to the insulin apparatus and impaired glycogen formation).
• aspirin asthma (manifested by a triad of symptoms: polypous sinusitis, asthma attacks and intolerance to all non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs).

The most severe complication that can be associated with taking Aspirin is considered Reye's (or Reye's) syndrome. This pathology occurs in children under 15 years of age due to the use of acetylsalicylic acid during fever of viral or bacterial origin. In this case, cerebral edema develops, which leads to encephalopathy, as well as acute liver failure.

Manifested by the following symptoms:

• sudden nausea and incessant vomiting (this is the very first sign, when it appears, you need to call an ambulance);
• disturbances of consciousness of varying degrees - from mild stupor to coma;
• choking, convulsions, jaundice;
• signs of liver failure are observed in the blood (increased transaminases, bilirubin).

Despite the fact that this is a fairly rare disease (1-2 per 100,000), the syndrome is characterized by a very high mortality rate - on average about 30% (with the development of coma - 80%).

Amphetamine and acid

Amphetamine increases the release of dopamine and norepinephrine, which causes a psychostimulant effect, which has the following manifestations :

• improved mood;
• increased attention and concentration;
• emergence of a feeling of confidence;
• motor and speech activity;
• insomnia;
• decreased appetite;
• increased performance.

To prolong the stimulating effect, addicts begin to combine amphetamine with acetylsalicylic acid. It is taken at short intervals or simultaneously with the drug. Aspirin acts on blood vessels, renal tubules and amphetamine secretion. The psychoactive substance is retained in the blood, so the time of impact on the psyche is prolonged. Sometimes this allows you to reduce the dose.

Is it possible to take acetylsalicylic acid with amphetamine?

The negative consequences of taking stimulants are associated with their use in ever-increasing doses, due to growing tolerance, which are measured by eye. Since the density of different drugs differs, with the same quantity, the content of the psychoactive component can be much higher. The combination of these two substances and their uncontrolled use leads to poisoning with both the drug and aspirin. An overdose of psychostimulants is manifested by the following symptoms:

• increased blood pressure;
• increased heart rate;
• hyperthermia;
• irritability;
• anxiety and panic;
• psychosis;
• spasms of muscles and blood vessels;
• pathologies of the urinary system;
• epileptic seizures;
• cerebral hemorrhages;
• heart failure.

With regular use of amphetamine with acetylsalicylic acid, chronic overdose occurs, which often causes death. In this case, symptoms of acetylsalicylic acid intoxication, such as blood clotting disorders, are added to the symptoms of amphetamine overdose. This leads to bleeding that is difficult to stop. Which can be fatal.

In such situations, emergency assistance is needed. In the hospital, the patient is given supportive symptomatic therapy for the cardiovascular and respiratory systems; to reduce the risk of coagulopathy and blood loss. Before the arrival of paramedics, the patient must be given plenty of fluids (not coffee or tea) and kept conscious for as long as possible.

What is the best way to replace acetylsalicylic acid in a child?

The group of NSAID drugs contains a large number of names, many of which are approved for use at any age and have significantly fewer contraindications and adverse reactions. Instead of Aspirin, children can use the following drugs:

1. “Paracetamol” (acetaminophen) - you can use any form of the drug: tablets, syrups, rectal suppositories. Use with caution in babies in the first month after birth. Trade names: “Efferalgan”, “Panadol”, “Tylenol”, “Cefekon”.
2. Ibuprofen is the safest NSAID and can be used from 3 months in any form. Trade names: “Maxicold”, “Nurofen”, “Ibufen”, “Burana”, “Iprene”, “Dolgit”, “Faspik”.
3. "Diclofenac" is allowed from 6 years of age, rectal forms - from 12 years. It has a pronounced analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect, but a weak antipyretic effect. The following options are available on sale: “Voltaren”, “Ortofen”, “Naklofen”, “Rapten”, “Feloran”.

All of the above medications are allowed during lactation.

In addition to Aspirin, the following products are not recommended for children:

• "Analgin" (metamizole sodium);
• "Amidopyrine";
• "Phenacetin";
• "Nimesulide" - allowed after 12 years.

Acetylsalicylic acid: how much is permissible?

A single dose ranges from 40 mg to 1 g, daily - from 150 mg to 8 g; prescribed 2 to 6 times a day. The required amount of the substance is determined by the doctor. For persons over 60 years of age, it is not recommended to use it or use it with caution to avoid exacerbation of chronic diseases. The duration of taking the drug should not be more than 7 days.

The side effects of Aspirin increase with each subsequent dose and can lead to death. To treat addiction to psychostimulants, a course of inpatient treatment and rehabilitation is necessary. You will not be able to cope with the disease on your own. Only comprehensive work in tandem with a psychotherapist will help you return to normal life.

Instructions for use in children

Despite the fact that Aspirin is one of the most common drugs in the world, it is far from the most perfect. To avoid negative consequences when used in children, you must strictly adhere to the instructions and first consult your pediatrician.

In what cases is it allowed?

Most often, Aspirin is used as an antipyretic and analgesic. It also has pronounced anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet (thinning) properties.

Children are allowed to take (although not recommended) acetylsalicylic acid in the following cases:

• headaches, incl. migraine;
• toothache;
• neuralgia;
• mild traumatic pain;
• muscle and joint pain;
• rheumatism and other systemic connective tissue diseases;
• infectious-allergic myocarditis;
• elevated temperature more than 38.5 degrees (with the exception of fever due to viral infections).

Doses used

The exact dosage varies depending on the age of the child and the specific disease. In any case, you should consult your doctor before using this medicine.

When using aspirin as an analgesic and antifever agent, the following dosages are recommended for children:

• 2-3 years – 0.1 g/day;
• 4-6 years – 0.2 g/day;
• 7-9 years – 0.3 g/day.

At the age of over 10 years, a single dose is no more than 0.25 g, the maximum daily dose should not exceed more than 0.75 g. In addition, you can calculate the amount of the drug according to weight: 30 mg of Aspirin per 1 kg, which is daily dosage.

If we are talking about using the medication as an anti-inflammatory agent (for example, for rheumatoid arthritis), then the single dosage will be as follows:

• 1 year – 0.05 g;
• 2 years – 0.1 g;
• 3 years – 0.15 g;
• 4 years – 0.2 g;
• 5 or more years – 0.25 g.

The tablets should be taken after meals with water. If the infant's diet contains only breast milk, the mother should take Aspirin after feeding.

In all cases, the maximum daily dose should not exceed 1 gram.

Literature:

1. Molecular mechanisms of drug interaction / [M. A. Paltsev et al.]; edited by Paltseva M. A., Kukesa V. G., Fisenko V. P.; Moscow honey. acad. them. I. M. Sechenov. - M.: AstraPharmServis, 2004 (ChPK OJSC). — 224 p.
2. Lectures on pharmacology for doctors and pharmacists: a textbook for medical universities / A. I. Vengerovsky. — [3rd ed., revised. and additional]. - Moscow: Physics and Mathematics Literature, 2007. - 702 p.
3. Drug complications and ways to eliminate them: handbook. for doctors / I. B. Mikhailov, I. V. Markova. - M.; St. Petersburg : DILYA, 2004. – 329 p.