Author
Boluchevsky Dmitry Nikolaevich
Chief physician
Leading doctor
Urologist
until December 31
We are giving 1000 rubles for all services for a visit in December More details All promotions
Urinalysis according to Nechiporenko
is a laboratory diagnostic method that allows you to determine the condition of the kidneys and urinary tract, in particular, to identify hidden inflammation.
The Nechiporenko analysis is used not only to establish a diagnosis. It can be used to monitor the progress of treatment.
Urinalysis according to Nechiporenko: the essence of the method
Urinalysis according to Nechiporenko
Urinalysis according to Nechiporenko is usually prescribed based on the results of a general urinalysis - if the data from the general analysis exceed the norm. The Nechiporenko analysis will either confirm the existence of the disease or allow the results of the general analysis to be interpreted as a random deviation.
The main indicators of urine analysis according to Nechiporenko - leukocytes, erythrocytes, cylinders - are assessed not simply by counting these elements that are in front of the eyes at the time of the study, as in a general urine analysis. When analyzing according to Nechiporenko, their number is determined per 1 milliliter of urine (counting is carried out using a special counting chamber).
It is also important that a strictly average portion of morning urine should be taken for analysis. This allows you to exclude the influence of random factors and get a picture of the real state of the urinary system.
It is equally important that the collected material reaches the laboratory within two hours.
All this together makes urine analysis according to Nechiporenko an informative and accurate diagnostic method.
General information
In most cases, this test is prescribed if the results of basic studies reveal irregularities or are questionable. The analysis determines the amount of important elements in the sediment. This makes it possible to confirm or refute the suspected diagnosis (for example, hematuria). The difference between this test and clinical analysis is that in the first case the elements are counted per unit volume, and in the second - in the field of view.
Indications for the study
Urinalysis according to Nechiporenko can be prescribed to both adult patients and children. Indications for its implementation include symptoms of urinary tract diseases, abnormal results of other tests, and a high risk of kidney damage (for example, in diabetes). The test may also be prescribed at certain intervals to monitor the progress of treatment. Pathologies of the kidneys and urinary tract can be suspected if there are symptoms such as pain in the lumbar region, difficulty urinating, a change in the usual smell or color of urine.
Collection of biomaterial
To exclude false results, 12 hours before the test you must avoid foods that color your urine, as well as salty and spicy foods. Diuretics are usually discontinued two days before the test. This is done only by the decision of the attending physician; unauthorized withdrawal of medications is unacceptable. To perform this test, an average portion of urine (morning or afternoon) is required. If urine is collected during the day, the period between urinations should be 4-6 hours.
Urine is collected in three sterile containers. The volume of the middle portion should be the largest. It is important to deliver the biomaterial to the laboratory no later than 2 hours after its collection.
Interpretation of results
The test is used as an auxiliary study, so its results are interpreted in conjunction with data obtained from other tests. Normally, one milliliter of biomaterial should contain up to 1 thousand units of erythrocytes, up to 2 thousand leukocytes and up to 20 cylinders of each type. Deviations from the norm indicate an inflammatory process or pathology. Based on the results, a specific disease can be identified. For example, an increase in red blood cells is usually accompanied by neoplasms in the urinary tract or kidneys. If the results obtained seem questionable to the doctor, the test is repeated. Interpretation of the results can only be done by a doctor. A large number of additional factors are taken into account.
An increase in the number of red blood cells can be caused by excessively intense physical activity. This is also observed in the case of trauma to the urethra with a catheter, and menstrual fluid entering the urine.
The test results can be affected by many medications. It is important to inform your doctor if you are taking any medications.
Urinalysis according to Nechiporenko: indicators and norms
Leukocytes
- white blood cells. They perform a protective function by producing antibodies and absorbing bacteria. An increased number of white blood cells means that the body is reacting to an existing source of inflammation. The norm for the Nechiporenko test: up to 2000 per 1 ml of urine.
Red blood cells
– red blood cells (they give the color to blood). Their function is to transport oxygen, and they should not be present in significant quantities in urine. An increased number of red blood cells is called hematuria (can be translated as “blood in the urine”). The presence of blood in the urine in some cases is obvious (that is, detected visually), but a slight increase in the number of red blood cells (hidden hematuria) can only be recognized by laboratory methods. The norm for the Nechiporenko test: up to 1000 red blood cells per 1 ml of urine.
Cylinders
- these are casts, that is, stuck together, compressed elements that appear only in the presence of protein. The protein, coagulated in the acidic environment of urine, forms an adhesive base that unites other elements. Casts arise in the renal tubules. Their appearance in the urine directly indicates kidney pathology, since in a healthy person protein should not get into the urine. The norm for the Nechiporenko test: no more than 20 cylinders per 1 ml of urine.
Bacteria
- Normally they should not be in the urine.
Indications for testing
The main indication for prescribing a urine test according to Nechiporenko for adults and children is the detection of deviations in the results obtained after a general urine test. The study can confirm the development of a certain pathology or classify deviations from the norm as random.
Indications for urine analysis according to Nechiporenko are the appearance of symptoms that may indicate the development of serious pathologies. This is, first of all, cloudiness of the urine, as well as a change in its color and smell. The study is also prescribed in the following cases:
- If you experience pain in the lumbar region, which may indicate kidney problems.
- When changing the frequency of urination and the amount of urine.
- If blood is detected in the urine.
- For systemic diseases that increase the risk of renal dysfunction.
- During preventive examinations.
Mandatory tests include urine analysis according to Nechiporenko during pregnancy. It allows you to promptly detect malfunctions in the functioning of the urinary system. Thanks to this, it will be possible to purchase the necessary products at an affordable price to support a woman’s body while bearing a child.
Peculiarities
The analysis involves examining urine sediment. To do this, the biomaterial is poured from a sterile container into a test tube and mixed. After this, the vessel is placed in a centrifuge and the sediment is separated. After this, it is carefully examined in a volume of 1 ml in a chamber equipped with a special counter. The obtained data is multiplied by the provided coefficients to correctly reflect the level of structures.
Violations of the rules for urine collection most often lead to unreliable results. The risk of data distortion increases when storing biomaterial in non-sterile containers.
Preparing for the Urinary Bladder Cancer (UBC) Antigen Test
With malignant degeneration of the epithelium of the bladder, its walls intensely secrete the so-called cytokeratins. Determining them in urine is a reliable screening method for diagnosing cancer of this organ. For the study, a single portion of urine is taken. No special preparation is required, but two days before the test it is advisable to stop all diuretics, having agreed with your doctor. It is not recommended to conduct research in the presence of acute inflammatory processes of the genitourinary system.
You can submit your urine for the necessary analysis in any medical office. Our specialists are always ready to advise on how to properly prepare for a particular analysis in order to obtain the most reliable result. Skylab is:
- Comfortable. Ten laboratories located in different areas.
- Fast. The results of the study can be found on the website without leaving your home.
- Reliable. We use modern diagnostic equipment, which ensures high accuracy of analysis.
Given these advantages, the prices for our services are relatively low and affordable for the vast majority of patients.
Preparing for a general urine test
No special preparation is required for the study. The material should be collected in the morning, while the urine that has accumulated there overnight is still in the bladder. Before urinating, general hygiene procedures are required. The container for urine must be sterile, for which you can purchase disposable cups at the pharmacy. To reduce the risk of microbes from the genitals getting into the sample, it is recommended to first release a little urine, and then, without stopping, substitute the container. In total, you need to collect approximately 50 milliliters of material or a little more. The sample can be stored for no more than 2 hours in the refrigerator, otherwise the information content of the analysis is significantly reduced.
Preparing for the Zimnitsky test
The Zimnitsky test is performed to assess kidney function—their ability to concentrate and excrete urine. The study differs from others in the method of collecting material. In total, you need to receive 8 portions of the material strictly at a certain time. At 6 a.m. you need to urinate, after which, starting at 9 a.m., collect urine into labeled containers every 3 hours. All urine obtained, without mixing, must be brought to the laboratory. In addition, you need to indicate how much liquid was taken during the day. It is necessary that the total volume of liquid drunk is within 1-1.5 liters.
Preparing for the 17-KS analysis
17-ketosteroids are metabolic products of sex hormones that are excreted in the urine and reflect the level of androgen production in the body. The analysis is used in the diagnosis of hormonal disorders and tumors of the endocrine glands. For research, daily urine is collected according to general rules. No special preparation for analysis is required. Before collecting urine, if possible, stop taking medications 2-3 days before, and do not eat foods that can color it the day before (for example, beets, carrots, etc.). It is recommended to maintain physical and psycho-emotional rest. All of the above is also true for testing urine for other hormones.
Preparation for 24-hour urine testing
Pre-prepare a clean container for collecting urine with a volume of at least 3 liters, into which you will collect biomaterial throughout the next day.
Collection technique:
- In the morning, completely empty your bladder, then collect all subsequent portions of urine into a prepared container exactly until the same time the next day.
- During collection, store the container with urine in a cool, dark place at a temperature (+4...+8°C).
- After collecting daily urine, mix it thoroughly and pour about 50 ml into a disposable plastic container; indicate on the label the exact volume of urine excreted per day (for example: “Diuresis 1500 ml”).
- Screw the lid on the container and deliver the biomaterial for research.
Urine examination using the Nechiporenko method
01/13/2021
Urinalysis according to Nechiporenko
- microscopic examination with counting the number of leukocytes, erythrocytes and cylinders in 1 milliliter of urine sediment. Urinalysis according to Nechiporenko is widely used in clinical practice.
Rules for preparing for the study:
- On the eve of the study, do not eat vegetables and fruits that can change the color of urine (beets, carrots, blueberries, etc.)
- Before collecting urine, thoroughly clean the external genitalia.
- If possible, do not take a number of medications (diuretics, vitamins)
- Women should not collect biomaterial during menstruation
- You cannot collect urine from a vessel or potty
- Do not collect urine for 5-7 days after cystoscopy
Rules for collecting biomaterial:
- Collect urine only in a special disposable sterile container.
- An average portion of urine is collected for analysis (urine can be collected both in the morning and during the day)
- Delivery of the container to the CLD (Laboratory Diagnostic Center) or MC (Medical Center) as soon as possible.
The Nechiporenko analysis
allows you to more accurately determine the quantitative content of red blood cells, leukocytes and casts in the urine compared to a general urine test, since the Nechiporenko test counts elements per unit volume of urine.
Indicators studied during urine analysis using the Nechiporenko method:
- Leukocytes are white blood cells. They perform a protective function by producing antibodies and absorbing bacteria. An increased number of white blood cells means that the body is reacting to an existing source of inflammation. An increase in the number of leukocytes in the urine most often indicates an infectious and inflammatory process in the kidneys and urinary tract. The norm for the Nechiporenko test: up to 2000 per 1 ml of urine.
- Erythrocytes – in healthy people, are not detected or only a few are detected in the preparation. Finding a large number of red blood cells in the urine is called hematuria. The presence of blood in the urine in some cases is obvious (that is, detected visually), but a slight increase in the number of red blood cells (hidden hematuria) can only be recognized by laboratory methods. The main reason for the increase in the content of red blood cells in the urine is kidney or urological diseases. The norm for the Nechiporenko test: up to 1000 red blood cells per 1 ml of urine.
- Cylinders are formations of protein or cellular origin of a cylindrical shape, of different sizes. Their appearance in the urine indicates kidney pathology. The norm for the Nechiporenko test: no more than 20 cylinders per 1 ml of urine.
Urinalysis using the Nechiporenko method is recommended in the following situations:
- In case of deviations in the results of a general urine test (if leukocyturia, hematuria, cylindruria are detected)
- In the presence of systemic diseases with a high risk of developing nephropathy (in particular, diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus and vasculitis)
- When monitoring the effectiveness of therapy for diseases of the urinary system (urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis)
- The study is important when conducting differential diagnosis between glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis
- In patients suffering from glomerulonephritis, erythrocytes predominate over leukocytes. On the contrary, in patients with pyelonephritis, leukocytes predominate quantitatively. Possible causes of leukocyturia (>2000 in 1 ml):
- Cystitis
- Pyelonephritis
- Lupus nephropathy
- Glomerulonephritis
- Membranous nephropathy
- Fever
Possible causes of hematuria (Red blood cells >1000 ml):
- Glomerulonephritis
- Infections of the urogenital system of various etiologies
- Tubulointerstitial nephritis
- Polycystic kidney disease
- Urolithiasis disease
- Kidney injuries
Possible causes of cylindruria (>20 in 1 ml):
- Glomerulonephritis
- Diabetic nephropathy
- Pyelonephritis
- Amyloidosis
- Poisoning with heavy metal salts
Reference values:
- Leukocytes 0-2000 in 1 ml
- Red blood cells 0-1000 in 1 ml
- Cylinders 0-20 in 1 ml
Hematuria can occur with intense physical exertion, as well as with trauma to the urethra with a catheter. The cause of hematuria in women can be menstrual flow. A number of medications can cause hematuria. Such drugs include:
- Aspirin
- Warfarin
- Indomethacin
- Clopidogrel
Changes in individual analysis indicators are not strictly specific, but significantly help in diagnosing the pathology of the urinary system with a comprehensive interpretation of the symptoms of the disease and the results of laboratory and instrumental research methods. The result of the analysis is NOT a DIAGNOSIS; consultation with a specialist is required.
The diagnosis is made by a doctor based on the patient’s symptoms, his complaints, medical history, laboratory results, as well as instrumental (ultrasound, radiography, etc.) studies.
Dialine Laboratory offers the test:
- Urine examination using the Nechiporenko method (MD2).
Select an address for testing. Any questions?
Fill out the feedback form, our managers will contact you!
Ask a Question
