Allergy medications: when to use and how they work

Symptoms

Signs of an allergy can occur upon contact with the source of the allergy or during prolonged accumulation of the irritant in the body. The first option is most often found in children, since their immunity is not yet fully adapted to environmental influences.

Let's look at the main signs of allergies by category in the following table.

From the outside	Manifestations
Respiratory organs	Dry cough or sore throat, swelling of the pharynx, difficulty breathing. Sneezing, mucus discharge from the nasal passages, nasal congestion, which can develop into chronic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, tracheitis.
Circulatory system	Changes in the number of leukocytes. The appearance of hives, eczema and other skin rashes.
Gastrointestinal tract (allergic enteropathy)	Dehydration, upset stomach, nausea or vomiting.
Mucous eye	Lacrimation, allergic conjunctivitis (both primary and secondary).

In rare cases, allergies manifest themselves in the form of loss of consciousness, anaphylactic shock, Quincke's edema, etc.

Such symptoms are not always the result of an allergy. In order to make an accurate diagnosis, consult your doctor, he will refer you for tests.

Kinds

Depending on the factor that activates the body's defense reaction, allergies are classified into three types. Please note that any treatment begins with reducing contact with the allergen, and the action of the drugs is mainly aimed at eliminating symptoms.

View	Negative reaction to	Diagnostics
Food	Certain foods.	Provocative tests (injection of a concentrated allergen into the blood), skin tests.
Respiratory	Some smells, dust or blooms.	Familiarization with family history, observation.
Medicinal	Medications or long-term use.	People who regularly take hormonal and antibacterial drugs are at risk. Injecting a small dose of the drug into the blood.

It is important to find out the cause of allergies at the initial stage, since at an advanced stage secondary diseases will begin to develop (bronchial asthma, eczema, sinusitis, etc.).

Hyfast

Clinical and pharmacological group Histamine H1 receptor blocker. Antiallergic drug Release form, composition and packaging

◊ Film-coated tablets 1 tab. fexofenadine (in the form of hydrochloride) 120 mg

10 pieces. — cellular contour packages (1) — cardboard packs. 10 pieces. — contour cell packaging (2) — cardboard packs. 10 pieces. — cellular contour packages (3) — cardboard packs.

◊ Film-coated tablets 1 tab. fexofenadine (in the form of hydrochloride) 180 mg Pharmacological action Fexofenadine hydrochloride is a non-sedating H1 blocker - histamine receptors, and is a pharmacologically active metabolite of terfenadine. The antihistamine effect appears 1 hour after administration, reaches a maximum after 6 hours and continues for 24 hours. With repeated use, no development of tolerance was observed. Does not have anticholinergic, adrenolytic or sedative effects. Does not cause changes in the function of calcium and potassium channels, the QT interval at therapeutic doses.

Pharmacokinetics After oral administration, it is quickly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, TCmax - 1-3 hours. Average Cmax after administration of 180 mg is approximately 494 ng/ml, after administration of 120 mg - 427 ng/ml, Plasma protein binding - 60- 70% (mainly with albumin and alpha 1-glycoprotein). Does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier.

T1/2 after repeated doses is 14.4 hours. In patients with moderate (creatinine clearance 41-80 ml/min) and severe (11-40 ml/min) renal failure, T1/2 increases by 59 and 72%, respectively, in patients those on hemodialysis, T1/2 increases by 31%.

Subjects (5% of the dose) to partial extra-chechen metabolism. It is excreted predominantly (80%) with bile, 11% by the kidneys unchanged.

Dosage Inside.

For seasonal allergic rhinitis, adults and children over 12 years of age, 120 mg 1 time per day. For chronic urticaria - 180 mg 1 time per day.

Overdose Symptoms: dizziness, drowsiness and dry mouth. In case of overdose, standard measures are recommended to remove unabsorbed drug from the gastrointestinal tract. Symptomatic and supportive therapy is recommended. Hemodialysis is ineffective.

Drug interactions When used together with erythromycin or ketoconazole, the plasma concentration of fexofenadine increases by 2-3 times. Taking aluminum or magnesium-containing antacids 15 minutes before taking fexofenadine leads to a decrease in the bioavailability of the latter (the time interval between their administration should be at least 2 hours). Does not interact with omeprazole or drugs metabolized in the liver.

Pregnancy and lactation Contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation.

Side effects Headache, drowsiness, nausea, dizziness.

Rarely (less than 1 case in 1000 prescriptions): feeling tired, insomnia, nervousness, sleep disturbance.

In some cases: skin rash, urticaria, itching, other hypersensitivity reactions (angioedema, shortness of breath).

Storage conditions and periods List B. In a dry place, protected from light and out of reach of children, at a temperature not exceeding 25°C. Shelf life - 2 years.

Indications: seasonal allergic rhinitis,

- chronic urticaria.

Contraindications: pregnancy,

- lactation period,

- children under 12 years of age,

- hypersensitivity.

With caution: chronic renal failure. (The recommended daily dose in such patients is 60 mg once).

Special instructions When taking the drug Gifast, it is possible to perform work that requires a high concentration of attention and speed of psychomotor reactions (with the exception of people who have a non-standard reaction to drugs). Thus, before starting to perform these works (driving vehicles, operating machinery), you must first check your individual reaction to the drug.

AllergologyAnaphylactic shock Bronchial asthma Quincke's edema Hay fever In case of impaired renal function With caution: chronic renal failure. (The recommended daily dose in such patients is 60 mg once).

Use in childhood Contraindicated in children under 12 years of age.

Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies Without a prescription.

Antihistamines

Histamine plays one of the main roles in the functioning of the body. It is this that provokes the occurrence of an allergic reaction. There are four categories of histamine receptors located in the human body. The first type is located in the blood vessels, brain and intestinal smooth muscles, the second - in the stomach tissues, cartilage and cardiac tissues, the third - in the central nervous system and the fourth - in the spleen, intestinal tissues, and bone marrow.

There are first and second generation antihistamines. The first group has a rapid effect, blocking the first type of receptors. But it negatively affects the condition of organs and systems, causes drowsiness and impaired coordination. In addition, the effect of such funds is short-term. The second group produces long-lasting results and does not cause sedation. Such drugs only negatively affect the functioning of the heart. There are also new generation products, the level of negative impact of which is reduced to a minimum.

The doctor determines which group of drugs should be used. For your information, we provide you with a list of the best allergy remedies.

Name	Generation	Main component	Release form	pros
Suprastin	First	Chloropyramine	Tablets and solution for injection.	Effective for acute allergic reactions. Allowed for children under one year of age. Low cost.
Tavegil	First	Clemastine	Pills.	Allowed for one year old children. Rarely causes drowsiness.
Diphenhydramine	First	Diphenhydramine	Tablets and solution for injection.	Allowed for one year old children.
Fenistil	Second	Dimetinden	Drops, gel.	Can be used by children from one month of age. Eliminates itching, burns, irritation.
Loratadine	Second	Loratadine	Pills.	Does not cause drowsiness, has a mild antiallergic effect.
Claridol	Second	Loratadine	Tablets, syrup.	The effect of the product begins after 8 hours and lasts for at least a day. The drug does not cause side effects. Allowed for children from two years of age.
LauraHexal	Second	Loratadine	Pills.	A high-quality drug, approved for children from two years of age. Does not cause side effects.
Tsetrin	Third	Cetirizine	Tablets and syrup.	Tablets are allowed for children from six years of age, syrup - from two years of age. The drug lasts for more than a day and is not addictive. The effect lasts longer than three days, even after stopping the drug.
Suprastinex	Third	Levocetirizine	Tablets and drops.	In the form of drops, it is allowed for children from two years of age. This is a powerful drug that has anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects. Eliminates signs of urticaria, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, allergic atopic dermatitis.
Telfast	Third	Fexofenadine	Pills.	Improved form of Suprastinex (acts faster).
Erius	Desloratadine	Tablets and syrup.	In the form of syrup, it is allowed for one-year-old children. The effect of the drug begins within half an hour. Does not cause drowsiness. Valid for more than a day.

To reduce the negative impact of drugs, it is recommended to use enterosorbents, the action of which is aimed at removing toxins from the body. Pay attention to Enterosgel, which is available in the form of a paste for internal use.

Gifast tablet film 120 mg pack contact cell/pack of cards x10