Only 20 percent of schoolchildren can boast of healthy facial skin, the remaining 80 are forced to hide their hated acne behind long bangs and under a thick layer of foundation. How to get rid of acne? Let's talk to an expert.
Alim Khakuashev
Alim Khakuashev Dermatologist, cosmetologist, trichologist at the clinic for children and adolescents “SM-Doctor”
With the onset of adolescence, hormonal changes in the body begin. Testosterone is to blame for everything, the level of which affects the function of the sebaceous glands. During puberty, their function increases, resulting in acne. If a bacterial infection occurs, pustules will develop.
At 13-14 years old, black spots and red inflammation on the forehead and cheeks become the number one problem. The child looks at himself in the mirror with horror. No amount of persuasion and examples from stars (Cameron Diaz, Victoria Beckham, Rihanna) whose skin is far from ideal helps.
“Acne means endless ridicule from classmates,” says the mother of a 15-year-old son. — Clean facial skin helps you become more confident and overcome complexes. Unfortunately, there is no such miracle remedy that will get rid of acne once and for all. And dragging a teenager to a cosmetologist is also not easy. I really don’t know what to do.”
Mothers of girls on various forums also constantly discuss such topics. “How to cure these teenage acne? - asks Svetlana, mother of a 12-year-old daughter. — We already had ointments, tinctures, lotions, etc. in our arsenal. So far nothing has helped overcome this trouble. Grandmothers believe that in a couple of years everything will go away on its own, but I’m not sure.”
The cosmetologist warns that acne will not disappear on its own: “If you have facial skin imperfections, you need to contact a specialist as early as possible so as not to start the problem and take the necessary measures in a timely manner. Often, children and adolescents are embarrassed to see a doctor themselves or, due to their age, inadequately assess the severity of the disease. Therefore, parents should carefully monitor the condition of the child’s facial skin and, if necessary, immediately sound the alarm.”
Why do acne appear?
Acne is a serious skin disease that can occur with varying degrees of severity. The following can lead to the development of acne:
- Hormonal changes in the body.
- Poor nutrition (consumption of dairy products, sweets, soda, fast food), as well as taking certain medications. By the way, various steroid drugs, which athletes who visit gyms especially like to take, are dangerous. Muscles will appear along with acne on the face.
- Incorrectly selected care products and external therapy (a number of creams contain substances that can worsen rashes).
- Genetic predisposition plays a big role in the occurrence of acne. It has been proven that if one of the parents suffered from acne, then the child may also develop acne. And if both parents had this disease, then the child is much more likely to also have complexes due to acne.
- Stress associated with passing exams, unrequited love, etc., have a negative impact on the condition of the skin.
- Self-squeezing pimples further aggravates the skin condition. A teenager’s desire to solve problems in such a radical way can lead to irreversible consequences. This is primarily due to the structural features of the pustules. By getting rid of one, you will only contribute to the spread of infection into the deeper layers of the skin, and more pronounced inflammation and even more pimples will most likely appear in this place.
- “Irrational treatment and self-medication can lead to deterioration of the skin condition,” warns the doctor. - Progression of the disease, as well as serious complications, including the appearance of marks (scars) on the facial skin, which the child will then have to live with. Therefore, in case of such problems, you should definitely consult a doctor for an individual selection of treatment.”
Important! Overly clean children also suffer from acne. Often, teenagers, in the fight against acne, begin to fanatically wash their faces and wipe their skin with various lotions. But they usually contain alcohol, which dries the skin and causes active work of the sebaceous glands.
Instructions for use METROGYL
Mechanism of action
Nitroimidazoles are synthetic AMPs with high activity against anaerobic bacteria and pathogens of protozoal infections. The first drug of the group, metronidazole, was approved for medical use in 1960. Nitroimidazoles have a selective bactericidal effect against those microorganisms whose enzyme systems are capable of reducing the nitro group. Active reduced forms of drugs disrupt DNA replication and protein synthesis in microbial cells and inhibit tissue respiration. Nitroimidazoles are active against most anaerobes - both gram-negative and gram-positive:
- bacteroides (including B. fragilis), clostridia (including C. difficile), Fusobacterium spp., Eubacterium spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., P. niger, G. vaginalis. P. acnes is resistant. Protozoa (T.vaginalis, E.histolytica, G.lamblia, L.intestinalis, E.coli, Leishmaniaspp.), as well as H.pylori, are sensitive to nitroimidazoles.
The mechanism of action is the biochemical reduction of the 5-nitro group of metronidazole by intracellular transport proteins of anaerobic microorganisms and protozoa. The reduced 5-nitro group of metronidazole interacts with the DNA of microbial cells, inhibiting the synthesis of their nucleic acids, which leads to the death of bacteria.
Active against Trichomonas vaginalis, as well as gram-negative anaerobes Bacteroides spp. (including Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides distasonis, Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides vulgatus), Fusobacterium spp. and some gram-positive microorganisms (susceptible strains of Eubacterium spp., Clostridium spp., Peptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp.). The MIC for these strains is 0.125-6.25 μg/ml.
When applied externally, it has an anti-acne effect, the mechanism of which is precisely unknown (not related to the effect on the Demodex folliculorum mite, found in hair follicles and the secretion of the sebaceous glands, and any effect on the production of this secretion).
Metronidazole for external use may have antioxidant activity. It has been found that it significantly reduces the production of active oxygen, hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide by neutrophils, which are potential oxidants that can cause tissue damage at the site of inflammation. Metronidazole for external use is ineffective against telangiectasias noted with rosacea.
Aerobic microorganisms and facultative anaerobes are insensitive to metronidazole, but in the presence of mixed flora (aerobes and anaerobes), metronidazole acts synergistically with antibiotics effective against common aerobes.
Where to start caring for a cosmetologist?
With skin cleansing (superficial and deep) depending on skin type, which is determined after examination through a magnifying glass.
Cleaning is carried out in several stages: cleansing with foam, disinfection with antiseptics, skin peeling, mechanical cleaning, applying a mask. The frequency of procedures is strictly individual and depends on the severity of the condition, skin type, season, effect of therapy and other factors. Typically, the course of treatment with timing and procedures is discussed at an appointment with a doctor. On average, facial cleansing is carried out once every 2-3-4 months. If this is a course of chemical peelings, then the procedure is usually carried out (also depending on the type of peeling) once every 2 weeks. A total of 3-5 procedures are required.
Perhaps a visit to a cosmetologist will not be enough; to combat acne you will have to involve other specialists: a dermatologist, gynecologist, gastroenterologist, endocrinologist. Acne treatment should ideally begin with a diagnosis of the body. You will need to take a general blood test, a stool test for dysbacteriosis, microscopy of skin scrapings and a number of other studies.
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METROGYL (solution)
y follicles.
This mite lives on the skin of every person and, under certain circumstances and comfortable conditions for him, is activated and becomes an activator of the inflammatory process. Purely visually, demodicosis most often resembles acne or rosacea. And this is most often the mistake of a person who tries to treat acne and does not get any significant result.
The disease is actually extremely serious and requires great attention and long-term treatment. The tick is killed extremely reluctantly. You need to create truly uncomfortable conditions for his life in order to get rid of him from your skin. And not only drug therapy with metronidazole (Trichopolum), long-term use of certain skin products helps in this, but also strengthening the immune system, avoiding stress, and a special diet. That is, work in a complex!
Anything can trigger the appearance of demodicosis! Cosmetics, stress, malfunctions of the endocrine and digestive systems, etc. There are many reasons. And no one is safe from the fact that the tick will bypass it. Daily care has nothing to do with it. For example, all my life I paid close attention to my skin, took care of it and cared for it like a greenhouse plant), but this fate did not escape me.
The diagnosis is made only after examination of skin scrapings. ALTHOUGH experienced cosmetologists and dermatologists see it immediately by the appearance of the skin (they are nevertheless required to give a referral for analysis). Very often the mite does not manifest itself in full force, and the rashes are sporadic and rare.
The tick is afraid of birch tar like fire. That is why most often dermatologists prescribe Tar Soap for washing during the treatment of demodicosis (in general, the favorite treatment regimen for demodicosis by dermatologists is MEtronidazole (Trichopol) inside and Metrogyl gel outside). I conscientiously and regularly washed my face with it for 4 months, BUT the fear for my skin did not leave me. I didn’t wash my face with soap even as a teenager. Although the soap did not visually harm my oily skin, I still consider this product to be too aggressive.
At the next appointment, the dermatologist suggested using a Metrogyl solution instead of tar soap. Actually, this is a solution for intravenous administration with the same active substance, metronidazole, as in Metrogyl face and body gel and Metronidazole tablets.
The product is sold in this packaging:
Volume 100 ml, average cost from 23 to 27 rubles. The package contains instructions and the solution itself, placed in a dropper bottle. The dropper is additionally placed in the bag.
The dropper is made in the form of a bottle, which can be placed like this, it is stable:
There is a loop at the bottom of the bottle by which the bottle can be hung when it is used for intravenous administration:
WHAT is this drug used for? This is an antiprotozoal and antifungal drug used in the treatment of various infections, as well as for the prevention of postoperative complications and radiation therapy for patients with tumors.
BUT, I repeat, it was recommended to me as a lotion for washing or toning the face.
What can I say? Of course, this solution is much more gentle than tar soap. This is simple water, without any specific smell. I wash my face with it using a cotton pad, killing two birds with one stone: I cleaned the skin and poisoned the tick with a substance that it cannot tolerate. The solution does not leave marks on the skin, does not cause a burning sensation or any discomfort. The product is cheap, one bottle lasts me for a week. An excellent replacement for tar soap!
I can only recommend it to all demodecticists! Cheap and just what we need when treating our “joy”!
Well, I strongly advise anyone who has rashes, especially those aged far from adolescence, to get tested for ticks! In 90% of cases, it will be the cause of your rashes or redness! And don't be scared by photos from the Internet. Such advanced cases are rare. Much more often, it simply ruins life with isolated but frequent rashes.
Metrogyl solution for infusion 500 mg bottle 100 ml 1 pc. in Krasnoyarsk
Pharmacological action: Pharmacodynamics
Blocks calcium channels, reduces the transmembrane transition of calcium ions into the cell (to a greater extent into vascular smooth muscle cells than into cardiomyocytes).
The antianginal effect is due to the expansion of coronary and peripheral arteries and arterioles:
— for angina pectoris, reduces the severity of myocardial ischemia; by expanding peripheral arterioles, it reduces peripheral vascular resistance, reduces afterload on the heart, and reduces myocardial oxygen demand;
- expanding the coronary arteries and arterioles in unchanged and ischemic areas of the myocardium, increases the supply of oxygen to the myocardium (especially with vasospastic angina); prevents spasm of the coronary arteries (including those caused by smoking).
In patients with stable angina, a single daily dose increases exercise tolerance, slows down the development of angina attacks and ischemic depression of the ST segment, reduces the frequency of angina attacks and the consumption of nitroglycerin and other nitrates.
It has a long-term dose-dependent effect. The hypotensive effect is due to a direct vasodilating effect on vascular smooth muscle. For arterial hypertension, a single dose provides a clinically significant reduction in blood pressure over 24 hours (with the patient lying and standing).
Orthostatic hypotension with amlodipine is quite rare. Amlodipine does not cause a decrease in exercise tolerance or left ventricular ejection fraction. Reduces the degree of left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy. It does not affect myocardial contractility and conductivity, does not cause a reflex increase in heart rate, inhibits platelet aggregation, increases the glomerular filtration rate, and has a weak natriuretic effect. In diabetic nephropathy, it does not increase the severity of microalbuminuria. It does not have any adverse effect on metabolism and plasma lipid concentrations and can be used in the treatment of patients with bronchial asthma, diabetes mellitus and gout. A significant decrease in blood pressure is observed after 6–10 hours, the duration of the effect is 24 hours.
In patients with cardiovascular diseases (including coronary atherosclerosis with damage to one vessel and up to stenosis of 3 or more arteries, atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries), who have had myocardial infarction, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), or in patients with angina, the use of amlodipine prevents the development of intimal thickening - media of the carotid arteries, reduces mortality from myocardial infarction, stroke, PTCA, coronary artery bypass grafting; leads to a decrease in the number of hospitalizations for unstable angina and progression of CHF; reduces the frequency of interventions aimed at restoring coronary blood flow.
Does not increase the risk of complications and deaths in patients with CHF (III–IV functional class according to the NYHA
) during therapy with digoxin, diuretics and ACE inhibitors.
In patients with CHF (III–IV functional class according to the NYHA
) of non-ischemic etiology, when using amlodipine, there is a risk of pulmonary edema.
Pharmacokinetics
After oral administration, amlodipine is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Average absolute bioavailability is 64–80%, Cmax in blood serum is determined after 6–12 hours. Css are achieved after 7–8 days of therapy.
Concomitant food intake does not affect the absorption of amlodipine. The average Vd is 21 l/kg, which indicates that most of the drug is in the tissues, and the smaller part is in the blood. Most of the drugs in the blood (97.5%) bind to blood plasma proteins. Amlodipine undergoes slow but active metabolism in the liver with no significant first-pass effect through the liver. Metabolites do not have significant pharmacological activity.
After a single dose, T1/2 varies from 35 to 50 hours; with repeated administration, T1/2 is approximately 45 hours. About 60% of the dose taken orally is excreted by the kidneys mainly in the form of metabolites, 10% unchanged, and 20–25% - through the intestines with bile. The total clearance of amlodipine is 0.116 ml/s/kg (7 ml/min/kg; 0.42 l/h/kg).
Elderly patients.
In elderly patients (over 65 years of age), compared to young patients, the elimination of amlodipine is slower (T1/2 - 65 hours), but this difference is not clinically significant.
Liver failure.
Prolongation of T1/2 in patients with liver failure suggests that with long-term administration, the accumulation of drugs in the body will be higher (T1/2 - up to 60 hours).
Kidney failure.
Renal failure does not significantly affect the kinetics of amlodipine. Amlodipine penetrates the BBB. It is not removed by hemodialysis.
