Most eye diseases develop due to increased activity of pathogenic bacteria and viruses. To eliminate the problem, ophthalmologists prescribe appropriate drops to patients, including antibiotics, which, although not monotherapy, nevertheless form the basis of effective treatment.
It is important to understand that it is impossible to choose such a drug on your own, since its type will depend on the cause of the eye disease. This issue should be dealt with exclusively by a specialist after a thorough examination.
How to treat conjunctivitis.
August 17, 2021
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Content
- Symptoms of conjunctivitis
- Types of conjunctivitis
- How to treat conjunctivitis
- The most effective drops for conjunctivitis
- Ciprofloxacin-Optic
- Montevisin
- Levomycetin
- Opatanol
- Oftalmoferon
- Aktipol
- Drops for conjunctivitis for children
- Tsiprolet
- Diclofenac
- Vitabact
- Visine Classic
Conjunctivitis
is a common eye disease in which the mucous membrane of the eyeball, the inside of the eyelids and the sclera (the “white” of the eye) become inflamed.
Conjunctivitis usually does not pose a health risk and can go away on its own without treatment, but there are forms of conjunctivitis that cause complications or are contagious.
Possible complications
With mild keratitis, traces of infiltration disappear completely after 2-4 weeks from the start of treatment. Complications threaten central and paracentral inflammation of the cornea, which occurs in severe form. These types of diseases most often cause a decrease in the transparency of the cornea due to the formation of scars on it. Pathologies accompanied by an ulcerative process are complicated by the spread of infection to the contents of the eyeball. They, in turn, can result in phlegmon and atrophy of the eye and optic nerve, sepsis and other life-threatening conditions.
Types of conjunctivitis
There are two main forms
conjunctivitis: infectious and allergic.
- Infectious conjunctivitis
(viral, bacterial, fungal or chlamydial). - Allergic conjunctivitis
(develops as an allergic reaction to various types of irritants).
In addition, conjunctivitis can be acute and chronic.
Causes of conjunctivitis
Photos from open sources
Cause of bacterial conjunctivitis
usually become streptococcal and staphylococcal bacteria. With this type of conjunctivitis, pus is released from the eyes.
Viral conjunctivitis
develop due to adenoviruses, herpes virus, etc. With viral conjunctivitis, the mucous membrane of the eye is irritated, there is redness, and lacrimation. Often a person has a fever, general weakness, headache, cough, runny nose.
Allergic conjunctivitis
occur due to contact with an allergen (plant, house dust, animal hair, certain products, household chemicals, cosmetics, etc.). In addition to the above symptoms, allergic conjunctivitis is accompanied by severe itching of the eyes.
Putting drops into the eyes of children - instructions
Instilling drops into a baby can cause some difficulties. Children are afraid of almost all procedures, so if a child has been prescribed eye drops, they should definitely be told about the painlessness of this process. The instillation itself is not much different from what was described above, except that you, and not the child, will pull back the eyelid and drip the drops.
Algorithm:
1. you must wash your hands with soap; 2. clean the child’s eye from purulent discharge and crusts, if any; 3. Prepare clean napkins or swabs made of lint-free cloth for blotting off excess medication. You cannot use the same tampon for both eyes at once; 4. warm the drops in your hands; 5. put the child on the sofa or bed, the head should be slightly thrown back; if the baby is nervous, calm him down; 6. After this, ask him to look at the ceiling or hold an interesting object above it that will attract his attention. As soon as the child fixes his gaze on the toy, drop the medicine; 7. Let the child lie quietly for a few minutes, then blot off the excess medicine with napkins prepared in advance.
Important!
Before instilling medicine for a newborn, it must be swaddled and the eye cleaned. After this, the lower eyelid is slightly moved back and drops are instilled.
Eye drops must be instilled correctly. It is important to follow the instructions so that the medicine works and the disease does not worsen. By following simple rules, instilling drugs into the eyes becomes effective and comfortable.
How to treat conjunctivitis
Treatment of conjunctivitis should be aimed at eliminating the causes that caused it. And the causes of the disease can be determined by an ophthalmologist.
For bacterial
form, you need to wash your eyes with saline solution, plus the doctor prescribes drops for conjunctivitis.
Viral
conjunctivitis is usually not treated (like colds), since there are no special antiviral drugs for this disease - the person recovers on his own.
If necessary, treatment is reduced to symptomatic therapy to reduce negative symptoms (artificial tears, cool compresses). Allergic
conjunctivitis involves eliminating the causes of allergies.
Basic rules of hygiene when treating conjunctivitis:
- If you wear contact lenses, remove them until you recover;
- do not touch your eyes with your hands;
- wash your hands frequently and thoroughly;
- exclude close contact with others;
- during illness you should have your own soap and towel, change pillowcases and bed linen as often as possible;
- with conjunctivitis, women need to give up eye cosmetics;
- Ventilate the room you are in more often.
Antiviral eye drops
Antibacterial drugs, even if they have antiseptic properties, cannot cope with viruses. Antiviral agents are used for this. Bacteria are destroyed by other microorganisms contained in antibacterial agents. To defeat the virus, it is necessary to activate all the body's resources. Antiviral drops enhance the production of interferon, a protein that helps cope with the virus. It penetrates directly into the cell in which it is located, but does not destroy it, but forces the cell itself to resist the viral attack.
It is important to start taking antiviral drugs as soon as signs of an ophthalmic disease appear.
In the absence of adequate treatment, a bacterial infection may join the inflammatory process. Then the treatment will be delayed. You will also have to select antibacterial drops.
The most common antiviral drugs for instillation into the eyes are Grippferon, Nazoferon and Genferon. They are suitable for adults. Children are prescribed "Oftalmoferon", "Oftan Idu", "Gludantan".
Ciprofloxacin-Optic
Ciprofloxacin-Optic drops are an inexpensive broad-spectrum antibiotic that copes well with purulent conjunctivitis. These eye drops are odorless and come in a glass bottle. Dosing the drug is very convenient thanks to the narrow spout-tip. Literally a day after using Ciprofloxacin, pus stops coming out of the eyes, and after three days of treatment, conjunctivitis completely disappears. Eye drops do not “harm” the eyes, and patients note a rapid recovery: swelling of the eyelids, inflammation and burning in the eyes disappear. If you want to quickly cure conjunctivitis, use Ciprofloxacin drops, strictly following the instructions.
Ciprofloxacin-Optic
OJSC Pharmstandard-Leksredstva, Russia
Treatment of corneal ulcers and infections of the anterior segment of the eyeball and its appendages caused by bacteria sensitive to ciprofloxacin in adults, newborns (from 0 to 27 days), infants and infants (from 28 to 23 months), children (from 2 to 11 years) and teenagers (from 12 to 18 years old).
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Antibiotic eye drops for children
The following antibiotic eye drops are approved for use in pediatric ophthalmological practice:
- Tobromycin (Tobrex, Tobriss) after 1 year;
- Levomycetin can be used only after 1 month of age;
- Fucithalmic can also be used to treat children older than 3 months;
- Albucid can be used from birth, but by diluting it with water for injection to 10% concentration;
- Vigamox can be prescribed to children over 1 year of age;
- Normax is not recommended for use in children under 12 years of age.
Other drugs, the active ingredients of which are ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, have contraindications for use by persons under 18 years of age.
Montevisin
Eye drops for conjunctivitis "Montevisin" are excellent value for money. This is a kind of “first aid” for conjunctivitis, when you need to quickly get rid of symptoms. Drops instantly relieve eye fatigue, pain, pain, swelling and redness. A few minutes after instillation, the vascular network is no longer so visible, the view becomes clearer. But Montevisin has a number of contraindications associated with high blood pressure and heart disease, so be sure to consult your doctor. Thanks to the convenient pipette, it is very convenient to use Montevisin eye drops.
Montevisin
Swelling of the conjunctiva, secondary hyperemia in allergic eye diseases, irritation of the conjunctiva;
- hyperemia and/or swelling of the conjunctiva caused by various nonspecific causes (condition after tonometry, dust, cigarette smoke, smog, swimming, reading, driving). from 132
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Recommendations for selection
The most important thing: the remedy for eye redness is selected in accordance with the specific reason due to which the scleral vessels dilate. This means that you cannot do without contacting an ophthalmologist. Only he can make an accurate diagnosis and tell you why your eyes are red. The specialist conducts not only a visual examination, but also biomicroscopy - examination using a special microscope. If necessary, he does additional tests to evaluate the functioning of the tear glands.
In addition, many drops have contraindications. For example, not all products are suitable for children and pregnant women. Individual intolerance to the components included in their composition is also possible.
If the drops recommended by your doctor seem too expensive to you, do not look for a budget replacement on your own, discuss a possible alternative with a specialist.
The ophthalmologist will find the cause of eye redness and prescribe appropriate treatment with drops
Perhaps you need not just drops, but several varieties of them. In this case, they need to be instilled into the eyes one at a time, with an interval of at least 10 minutes.
If there is no suspicion of a serious pathology, and the discomfort is not constant, you can independently choose moisturizing drops for eye redness. They imitate natural tears and help relieve dryness.
Even if you do not have a serious eye disease, you should use the drops if you:
- spend a lot of time in front of a computer screen;
- you read a lot;
- wear makeup often;
- wear contact lenses.
There are manufacturers who produce solutions in disposable dropper tubes. They are simple and convenient to use, and you can always carry them with you or take them on trips, so that if redness occurs due to overwork, you can quickly solve the problem.
Levomycetin
Drops for conjunctivitis "Levomycetin" are prescribed to both adults and children. This drug treats bacterial conjunctivitis, blepharitis and blepharoconjunctivitis, keratitis and keratoconjunctivitis, and secondary bacterial infections. Once on the eyeball, these drops destroy pathogenic microflora and unpleasant symptoms; eye inflammation goes away within a few days. Ophthalmologists recommend dripping Levomycetin into your eyes every 2-3 hours for a week or more (it all depends on the specific case). The active ingredient of Levomycetin is chloramphenicol, which destroys bacteria on the mucous membrane of the eye. Levomycetin drops effectively fight staphylococci, salmonella, gonococci, spirochetes and other harmful microorganisms. Conjunctivitis can be treated with Levomycetin drops for children over 3 years old. Please note the short shelf life of the drops after opening the bottle, as well as the list of side effects.
Levomycetin
Slavyanskaya Pharmacy, Russia; Lecco FF ZAO, Russia; PJSC "Biopharma", Ukraine
A drug for the prevention and treatment of infectious eye diseases: conjunctivitis, blepharitis, keratitis.
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What antibacterial eye drops are prescribed for adults?
Antibacterial drugs are divided into groups - for children and for adults. They differ in composition and properties. For certain eye diseases, adults are prescribed the following medications:
- "Oftadek". These drops fight not only bacteria, but also some fungi. Another feature of the drug is low toxicity. It can be used for quite a long time.
- "Vitabact". It has antiseptic properties, that is, it is able to destroy various types of pathogenic microorganisms. This drug helps with almost all bacterial infections. The course of treatment with Vitabact usually lasts up to 10 days.
- "Sofradex". These drops can be called multifunctional. They eliminate all symptoms of an eye infection - itching, burning, inflammation, swelling. In some cases, Sofradex is prescribed for allergies. The course of therapy lasts no more than a week. Drops are usually instilled 5-6 times a day. This helps the patient to feel almost no unpleasant signs of the disease.
- "Tsipromed" is a drug with very low toxicity and no side effects. However, this does not mean that you can take Tsipromed without an ophthalmologist’s prescription. He will determine the duration of use and the number of instillations per day.
- "Normax". Salmonella, streptococci, staphylococci, which cause the development of eye and ear infections, are quickly suppressed and destroyed by Normax. There are almost no contraindications to the drug. In addition, the body very quickly gets used to its components.
The list of antibacterial eye drops goes on. These are the main medications that are most often prescribed. Let us list the drugs used to treat children.
Opatanol
Drops for conjunctivitis "Opatanol" produced in Belgium are used for the allergic nature of the disease. "Opatanol" is intended for adults and children over 3 years old. These drops are also suitable for pregnant women. To treat allergic conjunctivitis, you need to use these eye drops 2 times a day, but do not forget to shake the bottle before each drop. Opatanol is well tolerated and has almost no side effects. The active substance of the drug is olopatadine hydrochloride, which triggers anti-allergenic mechanisms.
Opatanol
Alkon, Switzerland
Opatanol - decongestant and antiallergic eye drops for use in ophthalmology.
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List of antibiotic eye drops
As of 2021, 9 antibiotics used in ophthalmology, produced in the form of eye drops, are registered in the Russian Federation. Almost all antibiotic eye drops have a wide spectrum of action, with the exception of phycythalmic, which primarily affects staphylococcal and streptococcal flora.
Ofloxacin
This is an antibiotic that belongs to the 2nd generation of the fluoroquinolone group. This substance inactivates the division of microorganisms, breaks DNA strands, causes changes in the cytoplasm of cells, which leads to their death. Ofloxacin has a wide spectrum of activity, even in cases where there is multiple resistance to other antibiotics and sulfonamides. It has a detrimental effect on the following types of bacteria:
- Group of “intestinal” pathogenic and opportunistic microflora: Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Protea, Morganella, Shigella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Yersinia, etc.
- Other microorganisms: legionella, neisseria, mycoplasma, chlamydia, staphylococcus and streptococcus.
In pharmacy chains, ofloxacin is sold in the form of two eye drops:
- Dancil (Sentisse, India) is a 0.3% antibiotic solution, which is used not only in ophthalmology, but also in the treatment of otitis media. The cost of the drug is low - only 115 rubles.
- Floxal (Gerhard Mann, Germany) is one of the most popular antibiotic eye drops, costing 150 rubles.
Ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic that also belongs to the group of fluoroquinolones and has a wide spectrum of action against pathogenic microflora. The mechanism of action of the substance is based on lysis (destruction) of the bacterial cell wall, due to which the bacterium dies.
Ciprofloxacin is available in the form of eye drops: Cipromed (Sentisse, India), the price of which is 90 rubles; Tsiprolet (Dr. Reddy, India) costs only 50 rubles.
Norfloxacin
Norfloxacin drops are an antibiotic belonging to the 2nd generation of fluoroquinolones, and like other representatives of this group, they affect a large number of pathogenic bacteria. Unlike ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, norfloxacin has high activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, fecal enterococcus, which most often (85-90% of cases) cause acute purulent pathologies of the eyeball (conjunctivitis, keratitis, dacryocystitis).
Norfloxacin is available in the form of Normax eye drops (Ipka, India), and costs about 160 rubles in pharmacies. There are no analogues of this drug in Russia yet.
Moxifloxacin
Moxifloxacin is one of the newest antibacterial agents, which belongs to the 4th generation fluoroquinolones. Moxifloxacin blocks bacterial enzymes, preventing their division, and also has a detrimental effect on the cell wall. Since drugs based on this substance have appeared recently, resistance to it is extremely rare.
Moxifloxacin is produced in the form of eye drops: Vigamox 0.3% (Alkon, Belgium) - eye drops with an antibiotic costing 230 rubles; Maxiflox (Rompharm, Romania) - 0.5% solution of moxifloxacin, less popular than Vigamox, but costs only 160 rubles.
Gatifloxacin
Gatifloxacin is one of the most effective, but less popular antibiotics, which is associated with pronounced side effects when taken orally (because of this, it is banned in a number of countries, for example in India). When used in ophthalmology, there are practically no side effects. It belongs to the 4th generation fluoroquinolones, like moxifloxacin.
Gatifloxacin is produced in the form of 0.3% eye drops by Allergan (USA) under the trade name Zymar. This drug is quite expensive - its price in Russian pharmacies is approximately 500 rubles.
Levofloxacin
This antibiotic belongs to the fluoroquinolones and is a synthetic modification of ofloxacin. Due to this, microbial resistance to it is less likely, it is more effective against the most common bacteria, and the risk of developing side effects is reduced.
Levofloxacin is produced in the form of eye drops by many pharmaceutical companies under different trade names: Signicef 0.5% (Sentisse, India) is one of the most popular antibacterial drugs among Russian ophthalmologists, the price of which is 170 rubles. L-Optic (Rompharm, Romania) is a well-known and inexpensive drug, price 135 rubles. Oftaquix (Santen, Finland) is a less popular drug, probably due to the price of 210 rubles.
Sulfacetamide
Sulfacetamide eye drops are one of the cheapest and best-known drugs in Russia, better known under the names Albucid or sodium sulfacyl. In the last decade, due to the uncontrolled (often many years) use of these drops, especially among the elderly, resistance to it has been observed in almost 70% of subjects. On the contrary, in young people and children, even in cases where there is resistance to Normax, Vigamox, Signicef, simple Albucid can show very high effectiveness.
Tobramycin
This antibiotic is a representative of aminoglycosides. It has a detrimental effect on the microbial cell wall, disrupting its permeability, thereby exerting a bactericidal effect. It is effective mainly against staphylococcal and streptococcal flora, which are the main causative agents of eye infections.
It is also active against Escherichia, Proteus and Pseudomonas. Due to its easy tolerability and rare side effects, tobramycin has found wide use in pediatric ophthalmological practice. Available in the form of eye drops under the following trade names: Tobriss 0.3% (Sentiss, India) - a drug that is gaining popularity in the middle price category (160 rubles). Tobrex 0.3% (Alkon, Belgium) is a frequently prescribed drug from the world's leading company in the supply of ophthalmic drugs. The cost of the drug is only 170 rubles.
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Fusidic acid
This antibiotic belongs to a special group of antibacterial substances - fusidines. Their mechanism of action is based on disruption of protein synthesis inside the bacterium, which inhibits their division and subsequently leads to the death of the microorganism due to energy starvation.
Fusidic acid does not have a wide spectrum of action, and is aimed primarily at the destruction of Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.
Fusidic acid is available only under the trade name Fucithalmic 1% (Leo Labarothoris, Ireland). These eye drops have a viscous structure, due to which the drug is released gradually and over a long period of time, over 12 hours. At the moment, the drug has not found widespread use, despite its high efficiency and relatively low cost (280 rubles).
Chloramphenicol
Like albucid, chloramphenicol is one of the most popular drugs used in ophthalmology. Almost everyone knows the only drug whose active substance is chloramphenicol - Levomycetin eye drops 0.25%. Due to long-term use, dating back to the times of the USSR, bacterial resistance to this drug is often observed. But, despite this, it still does not lose its relevance and is often prescribed by doctors, which is primarily due to its very low price - only 9-15 rubles per bottle, as well as a wide spectrum of action on the main types of pathogenic microorganisms.
Levomycetin is often prescribed in cases where long-term use of antibiotics is not required: for the prevention of complications with corneal erosions for 3-5 days, with residual effects of acute conjunctivitis, after opening barley.
Oftalmoferon
“Ophthalmoferon” for conjunctivitis is a drug that not all doctors have a positive attitude towards, indicating that it does not have a sufficient evidence base. The manufacturer positions these antiviral eye drops as the most powerful in the fight against conjunctivitis. "Ophthalmoferon" is suitable for adults and children, and is indicated during pregnancy. Eye drops destroy bacteria in the conjunctiva, on the membrane of the eye, and on the mucous membrane of the eyelids. Some ophthalmologists prescribe these drops to prevent viral eye diseases. The active substance of the product - interferon - relieves inflammation, stimulates the immune system, and kills viruses. "Ophthalmoferon" also contains acid with diphenhydramine, which works as an antiseptic. All components of these drops for conjunctivitis are safe for the body and are not absorbed into the blood. Remember that after opening the bottle, Oftalmoferon drops must be stored in the refrigerator.
Oftalmoferon
Firn M, Russia
adenoviral, hemorrhagic (enteroviral), herpetic conjunctivitis;
adenoviral, herpetic (vesicular, punctate, tree-like, map-shaped) keratitis; herpetic stromal keratitis with and without corneal ulceration; adenoviral and herpetic keratoconjunctivitis; herpetic uveitis and herpetic keratouveitis (with and without ulceration); dry eye syndrome; prevention of graft disease and prevention of relapse of herpetic keratitis after keratoplasty; prevention and treatment of complications after excimer laser refractive surgery of the cornea. from 232
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Diagnostics
When the cornea of the eye is inflamed, it is important not only to confirm keratitis, but also to discover the cause of its development. To do this, ophthalmologists conduct complex diagnostics. At the initial stage, instrumental methods are used to differentiate keratitis from conjunctivitis and other similar ailments:
- biomicroscopic examination of the eye
to assess the nature and size of the lesion; - optical or ultrasound pachymetry
to determine the thickness of the cornea; - endothelial or confocal microscopy
to determine the depth of erosions and ulcers, as well as the degree of spread of inflammation to the layers of the eye shell; - computer keratometry
to determine corneal curvature; - keratotopography
to determine changes in refraction; - fluorescein
test to detect erosions and ulcerative lesions on the cornea.
To establish the causes of the inflammatory process, the doctor conducts an examination and collects an anamnesis to find out what diseases the patient has suffered in the last 1-3 months. In parallel with this, a laboratory study of materials taken from the surface of the cornea and conjunctiva is carried out:
- bacteriological culture to identify specific and nonspecific infections;
- cytological examination of scrapings from the epithelium of the conjunctiva and corneal layer;
- PCR, ELISA and other high-tech tests that detect antibodies to parasites and pathogens of specific infections;
- tuberculin tests.
In the absence of positive laboratory results, allergy tests are performed.
Aktipol
Actipol drops for conjunctivitis are suitable for advanced stages of the disease. "Aktipol" not only treats conjunctivitis, but also strengthens local immunity. Often these eye drops are prescribed for ARVI and herpes. "Aktipol" also helps relieve inflammation in case of minor eye bruises and damage to the mucous membrane in those who wear lenses. You need to drip Actipol into your eyes 3 to 8 times a day. The drug helps to completely cure conjunctivitis in a week or two. The main active ingredient of these eye drops is para-aminobenzoic acid, which strengthens local immunity, thanks to which the body independently resists viruses. "Aktipol" can be used by pregnant women in the second and third trimester.
Aktipol
Diapharm, Russia
Actipol is an ophthalmic antiviral agent that is an inducer of endogenous interferon.
In addition to the antiviral effect, it has antioxidant and regenerative properties. from 232
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Use during pregnancy
Since all of the eye drops listed above are antibiotics, there are some restrictions on their use by pregnant women, as well as during breastfeeding.
- Drops containing ofloxacin (Floxal, Dancil) can be used during pregnancy, but are prohibited during lactation, as the antibiotic negatively affects the development of the child.
- Ciprofloxacin (Tsipromed, Tsiprolet), as well as drugs containing tobramycin, are prohibited for use by both pregnant and nursing mothers.
- The use of drops Normax, Vigamox, Levomycetin, levofloxacin preparations is possible during pregnancy, but only under the supervision of the attending physician. Prohibited during breastfeeding.
- During pregnancy and lactation, only Fucithalmic and Sulfacyl sodium can be used, since they do not affect the development of the fetus, and even if they pass into breast milk, they do not affect the development and health of the child.
Tsiprolet
Tsiprolet eye drops are inexpensive (compared to analogues), but are very effective for childhood conjunctivitis. One bottle of this Indian drug is enough to completely get rid of conjunctivitis in a child. If you follow the instructions and apply drops to your child’s eyes every 5 hours for three days, the symptoms of conjunctivitis will completely go away. "Tsiprolet" can be used in children from 1 year of age. The duration of treatment for conjunctivitis is no more than 1 week. “Tsiprolet” perfectly relieves inflammation of the eyes, it is sold in a convenient package, but it stings a little, so take this point into account.
Tsiprolet
Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, India
Tsiprolet eye drops are an aqueous solution of ciprofloxacin for topical use in ophthalmology.
The drug belongs to antimicrobial drugs from the fluoroquinolone group, exhibits a bactericidal effect against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and is used to treat bacterial eye diseases (conjunctivitis, keratitis), including those caused by microorganisms resistant to other groups of antibiotics. from 45
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Corticosteroids
Since monopreparations containing glucocorticosteroids do not have an antibacterial effect, they are used only for non-purulent forms of conjunctivitis. Today, only one monocomponent eye drops with GCS are registered in the Russian Federation.
Dexamethasone
After use, short-term blurred visual perception is possible, which is important to warn the client about.
Combination eye drops
Combined eye drops, as a rule, contain 2 main components - a glucocorticosteroid and a substance with an antibacterial effect. The first is usually dexamethasone or betamethasone, and the second is fluoroquinolones or aminoglycosides. There are also three-component combinations, which include 2 antibiotics and a steroid.
All these drugs belong to the prescription group.
Dexamethasone + tobramycin
Dexamethasone has a pronounced anti-inflammatory, antiallergic effect, and tobramycin disrupts protein synthesis and the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria associated with infectious processes of the conjunctiva. The combination of GCS and an antibiotic can reduce the risk of severe infection.
Dexamethasone + gentamicin
It is used for infections of the anterior chamber of the eye, and for allergic processes accompanied by bacterial infection. When instilled, it can cause a burning sensation and short-term impairment of visual acuity, which leads to a slowdown in mental and physical reactions. Therefore, it is not recommended to use drops immediately before working with machinery or driving vehicles.
Dexamethasone + ciprofloxacin
A universal drug - used in both ophthalmological and otorhinolaryngological practice. When used, may cause burning, redness and itching of the eyes.
Betamethasone + gentamicin
It is used for diseases of the eyes (including conjunctivitis) and ear (acute and chronic external otitis media, etc.). When instilled, swelling and burning of the conjunctiva may develop.
Framycetin sulfate + gramicidin + dexamethasone
Framycetin sulfate is an aminoglycoside with a corresponding spectrum of activity. Gramicidin is an antibiotic of the tyrothricine group, increases the spectrum of action of framycetin against staphylococci, and also provides an antistreptococcal effect.
When instilled into the eyes, a short-term burning sensation may occur, which goes away on its own and does not require discontinuation of the drug.
Dexamethasone + neomycin + polymyxin B
Neomycin is active against staphylococci, streptococci, Haemophilus influenzae and a number of other pathogens; the spectrum of action of polymyxin B covers pseudomonads and Klebsiella.
Diclofenac
Diclofenac eye drops relieve inflammation in conjunctivitis and are prescribed after injuries and eye surgeries to reduce pain. The active ingredient of the drug is diclofenac sodium, which, due to its rapid absorption into the blood, instantly relieves unpleasant symptoms. Use Diclofenac drops strictly according to the instructions, since the drug has contraindications and side effects (allergies, itching, swelling, nausea and vomiting). An opened bottle of Diclofenac can be stored for a month.
Diclofenac drops
Sintez OJSC, Russia
Has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
In inflammatory processes that occur after operations, it relieves pain and reduces inflammatory swelling at the wound site. from 20
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Main symptoms
Inflammation of the cornea of any etiology and degree is characterized by the appearance of general symptoms, united by the concept of corneal syndrome:
- cutting and burning pain in the eye;
- intense lacrimation;
- blepharospasm (an involuntary reaction of closing the eyelids even without the presence of irritants);
- intolerance to bright light;
- sensation of the presence of a foreign body under the eyelid;
- decrease in visual acuity while maintaining the ability to distinguish the outlines and colors of objects, their location in space.
The appearance of these phenomena is due to irritation of the receptors on the cornea by the infiltrate secreted by the tissues in response to damage. It also reduces the transparency of the eye shell. With non-infectious and viral inflammation, the exudate is colorless or grayish, since lymphoid agents predominate in it. Infectious keratitis is accompanied by the release of yellow or greenish exudate. This staining is due to the accumulation of leukocytes and purulent discharge in it.
As the disease progresses, a superficial erosion may form at the site of the inflammatory focus, which, if untreated, transforms into a deep ulcer. Externally, such formations look like a localized defect with a rounded or slightly uneven edge, a gray bottom and an accumulation of exudate in it. After healing, a cloudy spot remains at the site of the ulcer - a thorn.
Important! Along with inflammation of the cornea, 50-70% of patients experience concomitant inflammatory processes: conjunctivitis, scleritis, uveitis and others.
Vitabact
Vitabact eye drops produced in France are the safest broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent. Vitabact drops for conjunctivitis are indicated even for newborns. “Vitabakt” not only relieves eye inflammation and reduces purulent discharge, but also directly affects the causative agents of the disease. Judging by the reviews, these eye drops moisturize the eyes well, relieve mucous membrane irritation and discomfort. Among the disadvantages of Vitabact are the rather high price and short shelf life after opening the bottle (1 month). Parents say that these drops for conjunctivitis are well tolerated even by the youngest children because they do not cause a burning sensation.
Vitabact
Novartis Pharma Services AG (Novartis Pharma), Switzerland
Adults and children from 0 years: - bacterial infections of the anterior part of the eye;
- dacryocystitis; — prevention of infectious complications in the postoperative period after surgical interventions in the anterior eye area. from 156
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The symptoms of these pathologies vary, but there are several common signs. These include:
- increased lacrimation;
- pain in the eyes, accompanied by itching, burning;
- redness of various eye structures, swelling;
- photophobia;
- purulent discharge from the eyes;
- blurred vision.
These symptoms are common to many bacterial infections. Only an ophthalmologist can determine what kind of disease has arisen and is developing. Based on an accurate diagnosis, appropriate medications are prescribed.
It is not recommended to resort to drops without examination and an accurate diagnosis. If the medicine is chosen incorrectly, it will, firstly, not bring any benefit, and secondly, it can lead to even greater complications.
Let's consider the most famous and effective eye drops prescribed for the treatment of eye diseases that have a bacterial etiology.
Visine Classic
These American-made eye drops are great for patients with allergic conjunctivitis. Literally 5-7 minutes after instillation, the condition of the eyes noticeably improves. The positive effect after Visin Classic lasts 4-8 hours. Visin Classic drops for conjunctivitis relieve inflammation, dry mucous membranes, swelling and redness if they are caused by wearing lenses, a reaction to dust and cosmetics, or chemical irritants. Visin Classic can be used in children from 2 years of age, but only if there are indications for this (inflammation and swelling). Allergic conjunctivitis with proper use of the drug goes away in 3-4 days.
Visine Classic
Step-by-step instruction
1. Wash your hands thoroughly with soap, preferably antibacterial, and then wipe dry. You should not use a fluffy towel for these purposes, because it may leave lint on your palms, which can cause irritation if it gets into your eyes; in this case, it is better to prefer paper towels or napkins; 2. Before the procedure, be sure to wash or dry your eyes. If you have contact lenses, remove them if this is prescribed in the instructions for use (some modern drugs can be used with lenses); 3. Warm up the bottle with drops and your hands by rubbing them together. If you do this with cold hands, you cannot avoid contact, which can cause additional discomfort; 4. If the preparation uses a pipette to collect liquid, it must be strictly individual. When opening a new drug, a new pipette is used; 5. Prepare a small mirror to avoid harming yourself; 6. Take a comfortable position - sitting or lying on the bed, it is not recommended to perform the procedure while standing; 7. Tilt your head back; 8. Pull your lower eyelid with your finger to create a “pocket” that makes it easier for liquid to get into. Don't try too hard to do this as it may be painful; 9. Take the bottle, turn it over and bring the tip closer to the eye, but without touching the eye, mucous membrane or eyelashes; 10. During instillation, it is recommended to look up, but the tip should not go out of sight; 11. Place one or two drops of the medicine into the conjunctival sac, trying to get as close to the outer corner of the eye as possible - there is no need to use a large dosage, since this fold is not able to accommodate such an amount. If you drop more product than needed, it’s okay, the excess drops will be removed along with your tears; 12. Afterwards, do not rush to take a vertical position. Close your eyes for two to three minutes to distribute the drug evenly. It is not recommended to blink so as not to wash away the drops, but you can massage the corners of your eyes with light movements; 13. Dry your eye with a clean napkin; 14. Do the entire procedure with the second eye.
Important!
If you are prescribed several eye drops at once, maintain the required interval between them (from 10 to 30 minutes, the exact time depends on the specific drug). This way the components will not react with each other.
If everything is done correctly, you will get:
- The surgical result is that the eyeball is surrounded by multiple capillaries. When liquid gets on them, the product penetrates directly into the blood;
- Efficiency - liquid formulations contain those components that will allow you to quickly get the effect of their use: normalize blood pressure, cleanse the mucous membrane, eliminate the development of pathogenic microflora, wash away pathogens;
- Mild impact - some types of drops are designed to provide moisturizing and cleansing of the mucous membrane from pathogenic flora, as well as drying out while working at a computer monitor.
Antiseptics
The task of antiseptics is to physically eliminate the infection in order to prevent the infection from penetrating deep into the body. Wounds, burns and mucous membranes, including the eyes, are treated with an antiseptic. The antiseptic drug destroys almost all types of microorganisms:
- bacterial infection,
- most of the viruses
- fungal infection
- and protozoa.
The advantage of this group of products is that they do not have a systemic effect and are low allergenic, which in turn leads to a small number of contraindications. Since antiseptics have only a local effect, they can be used by pregnant women, lactating women, and newborn children. But, as you know, there are some disadvantages, which is that the drugs have high local aggressiveness, which significantly narrows their range of use.
The most widely used antiseptics for the eyes are:
Okomistin and Vitabact
Indications: Antiseptic eye medications are used in the following cases:
Contraindications to this drug are an allergic reaction or hypersensitivity. If, after using these drops, unpleasant symptoms occur, such as swelling of the tissues surrounding the eyes, sharp pain, lacrimation or painful spasms of the eyelids, you must stop using the drug. |
How to choose drops?
Remember that not all eye drops are designed to moisturize. Among them, for example, there may also be anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, painkillers, which are not objectively necessary for you. In addition, not all drops can, in principle, be combined with contact correction agents, since preparations not intended for this purpose can affect changes in the basic properties of lenses, for example, their moisture content. If this happens, it is not recommended to use lenses.
It is best to select drops on the recommendation of an ophthalmologist. A specialist can advise you on good products at the stage of selecting contact lenses, but if this does not happen, you can always contact an optician for advice.
Sign up for a free selection of contact lenses
Drops when wearing contact lenses are divided into two types - moisturizing and lubricating. Moisturizers are needed directly for dry eyes and pain; lubricants are used when the natural lubricant of the eye is produced in insufficient quantities.
Many modern products perform both functions. This is the best option that provides the most comfortable feeling in the lenses.
What to do if symptoms appear
- Do not self-medicate under any circumstances.
- At the first symptoms, consultation with an ophthalmologist is necessary.
- Initiate necessary therapy in a timely manner
- Maintain hygiene
If the inflammatory process appears only in one eye , without timely treatment the process can spread to the healthy eye.
It is important to promptly identify inflammatory processes in children; we must remember that children rarely complain of visual discomfort.
