November 20, 2015
Skin diseases are quite common in modern times - poor environment, stress and poor lifestyle also affect the health of the skin. However, many manifestations on the skin may not be so much an independent disease as a consequence of diseases of the internal organs. Each specific case requires an integrated approach to identify the root cause. Therefore, such branches of medicine as dermatology, dermatovenereology and general therapy work together.
Medical offers consultations with highly qualified dermatologists who will definitely help you cope with the disease and, if necessary, prescribe complex treatment together with other specialists.
Treatment of psoriasis in the clinic
Psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris), syn. Lichen squamosus is a chronic disease of the skin, nails and joints, characterized by the appearance of a monomorphic rash on the skin. The rash consists of flat papules of varying sizes that tend to merge into large pink-red plaques covered with silver-white scales.
Currently, this is one of the most common chronic skin diseases. It has been suggested that psoriasis affects not only the skin, nails and joints, but also some internal organs (for example, the kidneys). However, this idea remains scientifically unproven.
There are several theories regarding the origin of the disease: viral; genetic (genetic predisposition of cells to increased reproduction); neurogenic (predisposition of the nervous system) and others.
In the skin affected by psoriasis, severe acanthosis and papillomatosis are found, parakeratosis is typical. The epidermis is thinned and consists of two or three rows of cells. In the basal and spinous layers of the epidermis, mitoses are found, in the papillary layer of the dermis - expansion of capillaries and an inflammatory infiltrate.
The development of the disease is characterized by a different onset: the disease can begin almost imperceptibly for the patient with the appearance of several papules, or it can manifest itself with the rapid spread of a rash over the skin. The course of the disease is determined by the seasons: thus, the “winter” type with exacerbations in the cold season is most common, and the “summer” type is less common. Also sometimes there is a mixed type, exacerbations of which occur at any time of the year.
There are several forms of the disease: psoriasis vulgaris, exudative, pustular, seborrheic, palmar-plantar, arthropathic, psoriatic erythroderma.
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Types of fungal skin diseases
Mycoses (mycosis, singular, Greek mykes mushroom; synonym fungal diseases) are a large group of skin diseases caused by pathogenic fungi.
Classification of mycoses is carried out according to various signs of diseases: by the genus and type of fungi, the depth of their penetration into the affected tissues, and their preferential localization. The following types of fungal skin diseases are distinguished:
1. Keratomycosis (for example, pityriasis versicolor). Keratomycosis refers to fungal skin diseases in which the fungus affects only the stratum corneum of the epidermis and does not cause an inflammatory reaction of the skin.
2. Dermatophytosis. These include epidermatophytosis inguinalis, epidermatophytosis of the feet, rubrophytosis, trichophytosis, microsporia, favus.
3. Candidiasis is a disease of the skin, mucous membranes and internal organs caused by fungi of the genus Candida. Candida fungi are considered opportunistic microorganisms, as they are widely distributed in the external environment. The optimal temperature for their growth is 21-27 degrees, but they can grow at a temperature of 37 degrees. The depth of penetration of fungi into the affected tissue is different and depends on the location of the disease: for example, when affecting the vaginal epithelium, fungi penetrate into all its layers, including the basal one, and in the oral cavity they affect only superficial epithelial cells.
4. Deep mycoses, including North American and keloid blastomycosis, sporotrichosis, chromomycosis. This group of diseases is mainly common in the countries of South America, Africa, and the USA. Infection occurs due to skin injuries, scratches, cracks. The clinical picture is different: tubercles and nodes appear on the skin, prone to decay with the formation of ulcers. They can affect the deep layers of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, underlying muscles and even bones and internal organs. This causes severe general symptoms, which do not exclude death.
5. Pseudomycoses are classified into a separate group: erythrasma, actinomycosis. Initially, these diseases were classified as fungal, but a more detailed study of their pathogens made it possible to classify them as microorganisms that occupy an intermediate position between fungi and bacteria.
Causes of facial skin diseases
Any skin diseases on the face do not occur on their own. They are, as a rule, provoked by third-party factors, with the search for which the treatment of any skin disease begins.
Improper skin care This is the most common cause of all kinds of problems and diseases of the facial skin. Thus, improper care can lead to severe contamination of the dermis and the proliferation of bacteria on it, which can ultimately lead to quite serious consequences.
Heredity It is very difficult to put in order the skin, the poor condition of which is caused by a person’s heredity. However, proper care for her, a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition can significantly improve her condition.
Lifestyle Frequent stress, an unfavorable work environment, smoking, drinking alcohol, and poor-quality food - all this can affect the condition of the facial skin and even lead to skin diseases.
Diseases of internal organs As a rule, skin diseases on the face indicate improper functioning of the digestive system, kidneys or blood vessels. Also, weakened immunity, viruses and infections can provoke the appearance of acne, age spots and other skin problems.
Problems with the nervous system The main causes of various small rashes on the skin of the face are stress, which, unfortunately, awaits a modern person at every turn.
Acne disease (acne treatment)
Acne (Acne vulgaris), syn. Juvenile acne is a chronic, often recurrent disease characterized by purulent inflammation of the sebaceous glands.
Acne occurs as a result of an imbalance of androgens in the body and, as a result, increased sebum secretion. The ducts of the sebaceous glands become clogged with sebum, and comedones (blackheads) appear. The sebum that has stagnated in the blocked ducts begins to decompose, forming a favorable nutrient medium for pathogenic microflora, mainly coccus, corynebacteria, and propionbacteria.
More often, this dermatological disease occurs at the age of 15-18 years, which is usually associated with puberty, but can occur at any age during exposure to unfavorable factors. The occurrence of acne is facilitated by hereditary predisposition, dysfunction of the endocrine glands, dysfunction of the digestive system, hypovitaminosis, poor nutrition (excessive consumption of food high in fats and carbohydrates). The main clinical manifestation is the appearance of comedones and papulopustular rashes on the skin. Typically, an inflammatory process develops around the comedone: the comedone transforms into a conical papule of bright red or blue-red color. A small pustule may appear in the center of such a papule - then they speak of papulopustular acne.
The inflammatory process is characterized by varying depths, and therefore there are indurative acne, which is extensive infiltrates with an uneven surface, and phlegmonous acne, in which the inflammatory process affects the deep layers of the skin and develops slowly and for a long time. In some cases, acne tends to merge.
Particularly distinguished is necrotic acne, in which necrosis of tissue cells develops deep in the follicle. Presumably, its development is streptococcal in nature. Most often it occurs in men aged 30-50 years, is localized on the skin of the forehead and temples and is a pustule with hemorrhagic contents. After the disappearance of such acne, scars remain on the skin.
Acne keloid is a distinct type of acne that occurs predominantly in men aged 20-40 years. They are usually located in the back of the head and on the back of the neck. The skin around them is sharply compacted, hair in such areas grows in tufts. They leave behind keloid scars.
Treatment of facial skin diseases
As mentioned above, the first step to successful treatment of any skin disease is to identify the factor that provoked it, since the entire course of treatment depends on this. It should be noted that self-medication for skin diseases on the face can be not only useless, but also dangerous.
If you are faced with skin problems on your face and want to get rid of them once and for all, then visit the ImageLab medical center, whose specialists will promptly make the correct diagnosis and prescribe an effective course of treatment.
The main thing is not to delay dealing with facial skin diseases, since even simple sagging or dry facial skin can ultimately turn out to be a serious disease requiring professional treatment.
Skin cancer
Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer and usually develops in exposed areas of the skin. The incidence is highest among workers, athletes and sunbathers and is inversely proportional to the amount of melanin pigmentation in the skin.
Skin cancer can be caused by ultraviolet rays (both solar and artificial), ionizing radiation, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tar and resin products.
Skin cancer is often asymptomatic at first. The most common presentation is an irregular red or pigmented lesion that does not go away. Any lesion that appears to be enlarging should be biopsied—whether there is tenderness, mild inflammation, crusting, or intermittent bleeding. With early treatment, most skin cancers are curable.
Occupational skin infections
Occupational skin infections are often caused by contact with animals or plants. They include a range of diseases: from the relatively harmless but unpleasant scabies to the deadly anthrax.
Occupational skin infections are caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. It is necessary to distinguish primary skin infections from skin infections secondary to pre-existing occupational dermatoses or pre-damaged skin, and colonization of the skin or mucous membranes with multidrug-resistant or potentially harmful infectious agents in the context of occupational activities. If an occupational skin infection is suspected, a detailed history should be obtained, including information about the workplace and its conditions.
Perioral dermatitis
Synonyms: rosacea-like dermatitis, flight attendant disease - rashes around the mouth: redness, swelling and papules.
Diagnostically difficult to distinguish disease of unknown etiology. Provoking factors : the use of steroids both locally and inhaled, fluoride-containing pastes, occlusive cosmetics.
The main diagnostic differences from rosacea: bright erythema and telangiectasia are rare. Localization: nasolabial folds, perioral region, chin, lower eyelids. Women aged 20-30 years and children are affected.
Distinctive feature : rapid regression of rashes, if a trigger factor is identified.
If visual diagnosis is difficult, a histological examination is recommended.
Pigmentation changes
Pigmentation disorders include depigmentation (loss of skin color) and hyperpigmentation (accumulation of skin color). Depigmentation can be caused by chemicals such as hydroquinine, phenol (and its derivatives), arsenic and mercury compounds. It can also be caused by ionizing and ultraviolet radiation, as well as thermal or physical trauma.
Hyperpigmentation can be caused by mineral oils, halogenated hydrocarbons, arsenic and various pharmaceuticals.
