Who is the ADSM vaccine indicated for: prescription for children and adults, reaction, side effects

Diphtheria and tetanus are two diseases that have been well known for a long time. Both are caused by pathogenic bacteria and were quite common before compulsory vaccination campaigns began.

Loeffler's bacillus, also known as Corynebacterium diphtheria, is the causative agent of diphtheria. With this disease, the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, skin, bronchi, and other parts of the body are affected.

The bacterium Clostridium tetani causes tetanus, an acute disease that affects the nervous system.

The ADS-M vaccine is a multicomponent, specially processed drug. Its administration will not cause negative consequences, intoxication or the occurrence of an infectious disease. After vaccination, the immune system learns to recognize and effectively fight the pathogens of tetanus and diphtheria. A vaccinated person cannot become infected with these serious diseases.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

It should be noted that the ADS-M vaccination means: diphtheria-tetanus toxoid in small doses. It is also a variation of the DTP vaccine , but without the pertussis component.

The basis of the vaccine is a mixture of substances that have undergone special treatment. They do not cause severe toxic reactions or infectious diseases, but form an immunological reaction. It is this reaction that is the basis of the principle of action of this vaccination, thanks to which stable immunity to tetanus and diphtheria .

This vaccine is used for revaccination in adult patients and children aged 4-6 years who previously received the DPT vaccine. Therefore, in this case, the ADSM vaccination does not so much build immunity as maintain the level of antibodies at the required level.

Also, this drug is intended for children with intolerance to the pertussis component, which is contained in DTP and ADS vaccinations, for the purpose of emergency immunization, for example, according to epidemic indications.

Benefits of ADS vaccine

The main advantages of ADS vaccination include:

• creates reliable immunity against two infectious diseases simultaneously;
• upon contact with an infected person or if soil gets into an open wound, the vaccine is used as an emergency aid (in the first 20 days);
• revaccination creates a high concentration of toxoid in the body;
• If you compare this vaccine with DPT, the risk of severe adverse reactions is much lower.

Simultaneous immunization with ADS and chickenpox vaccination is acceptable.

Indications for use

Vaccination with ADS-M for children over 6 years of age and adult patients is recommended as a prophylaxis against diphtheria and tetanus.

This vaccine is also indicated for adult patients over 18 years of age with:

• primary vaccination;
• carrying out systematic revaccination against diphtheria and tetanus. The vaccine contains a reduced dosage of diphtheria toxoid to reduce the risk of developing possible hypersensitivity reactions;
• the threat of tetanus due to injury.

Vaccination with ADS-M at the Trit clinic - advantages and comfort

Medical uses only certified drugs with proven effectiveness. Before vaccination, all patients undergo a mandatory medical examination. The selected drugs and compliance with the procedure regulations help reduce the risk of side effects.

Qualified specialists strictly follow the vaccination protocol, which allows us to raise the quality and safety of services to a high level.

Medical staff help protect your health using the most effective methods. We are for a safe future, where the health and lives of patients are not threatened by dangerous infections.

Side effects

This drug is characterized by low reactogenicity, but the likelihood of adverse reactions should not be excluded.

It has been established that the side effects of vaccinations in adults and children can be general or local. They usually appear within 1-2 days from the moment of administration.

Local reactions include: redness, induration, loss of sensitivity and swelling at the site where the vaccine is given.

Common side effects are: fever , moodiness, lethargy, loss of appetite and digestion.

The appearance of such symptoms after vaccination is considered normal and does not require treatment, although the use of Ibuprofen or Paracetamol . Experts also recommend drinking plenty of fluids.

Severe complications of ADS-M vaccination occur infrequently, but they can manifest themselves as anaphylactic shock, Quincke's edema, encephalitis, and meningitis.

Contraindications

This type of vaccination is not carried out if a person has previously had a pronounced negative reaction to the components of the drug. Other contraindications include:

• Any infectious diseases. Immunization is permissible only 2-4 weeks after recovery.
• Severe neurological symptoms.
• Immunodeficiency conditions, including HIV and AIDS.
• Malignant neoplasms.
• Allergic reactions. Vaccination is permissible only 2-4 weeks after an allergy exacerbation.
• Severe post-vaccination complications after a previously administered ADS vaccine.

Vaccine ADS-M instructions for use (Method and dosage)

As the instructions for the ADS-M vaccine show, it is administered intramuscularly. A suitable place for its insertion in children is the anterolateral part of the thigh, under the shoulder blade or in the shoulder area.

Revaccination of children is performed at 14-16 years of age and its effect lasts for 10 years.

After 10 years, adult patients are vaccinated with ADS-M, which will help maintain immunity at the required level against tetanus and diphtheria. Then revaccinations are carried out at 10-year intervals. However, no upper age limit has been established.

For private clients

We vaccinate against tetanus and diphtheria. Safe, fast, in 8 districts of St. Petersburg.

ADSM (ADS) is a vaccine used to inoculate against tetanus and diphtheria - infectious diseases that are dangerous for the development of complications and death.

Diphtheria is an acute bacterial disease, manifested by severe intoxication, inflammation of the oropharynx and nasopharynx, damage to the cardiovascular system, kidneys, liver, etc. Diphtheria is predominantly transmitted by airborne droplets (in rare cases, household contact). The risk of infection upon contact with a sick person is very high.

Tetanus is an extremely dangerous bacterial disease with a high probability of death. The disease progresses rapidly, affecting the nervous system and causing severe cramps, muscle hypertonicity and pain. Infection with tetanus most often occurs through the entry of the pathogen from soil, water, or contaminated objects into a wound, burn, or damaged mucous membrane.

Diphtheria and tetanus are practically untreatable with super-strong antibiotics, and even with successful recovery, the risk of serious complications is very high. You can protect yourself from infection with timely vaccination against ADSM. Vaccination in adulthood provides protection for 10 years.

Other names: ADSM vaccination, ADS vaccination, ADS vaccination, tetanus vaccination, diphtheria vaccination, tetanus vaccination, diphtheria vaccination

Who needs ADSM vaccination and in what cases?

Vaccination with ADSM is necessary for everyone who wants to protect themselves from tetanus and diphtheria. In childhood, vaccination is carried out twice as planned - at 7 and 14 years of age. Adults over 18 years of age must independently repeat the vaccination every 10 years throughout their lives. There are no age restrictions.

ADSM vaccination is especially necessary for persons with a broken vaccination regimen - unvaccinated in childhood, vaccinated once, and also in cases where more than 20 years have passed since the last vaccination.

How is vaccination against tetanus and diphtheria carried out?

The ADSM vaccination is given by injection strictly intramuscularly. Subcutaneous administration of the vaccine is fraught with ineffectiveness due to the slow release of the drug into the blood.

Most often, the injection is made in the upper third of the shoulder. In some cases, it is possible to administer the vaccine into the thigh or subscapular area.

Are there any contraindications to vaccination?

The ADSM vaccine is well tolerated and rarely leads to adverse reactions. However, there are general and specific contraindications that should be reported to your doctor in advance.

General contraindications include acute and chronic diseases in the acute stage, HIV, tuberculosis, pregnancy.

Contraindications directly to ADSM will be severe reactions to the drug and diseases of the central nervous system.

What documents will be needed for measles vaccination?

For vaccination you only need a passport. If available, take with you a vaccination certificate with information about the vaccinations performed.

Where and when can I contact you?

You can get vaccinated with ADSM at any convenient location. We operate in 8 districts of St. Petersburg and have all the necessary licenses. Our clinics use only proven, safe vaccines and provide consultation with a doctor.

Why should you contact us?

Reliable - our centers have all the necessary licenses for this type of service. Vaccination is carried out by certified specialists with extensive experience. Only high quality drugs are used.

Quickly – registration for the service is available by phone and online on the website, where you can choose a convenient time and the nearest branch. The vaccination procedure and consultation with a therapist will take a few minutes.

Convenient - our medical centers are located in 8 districts of St. Petersburg and work seven days a week.

You can get a consultation or make an appointment by phone

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special instructions

Intravenous injection into the buttock is unacceptable, as this may damage the sciatic nerve or blood vessels.

Carrying out immunosuppressive treatment or having an immunodeficiency can reduce the intensity of the immune response to the vaccine. Therefore, it is necessary to complete the therapy or ensure complete safety for the patient. Vaccinations can be given to people with chronic immunodeficiency when a concomitant disease does not prevent the formation of even a small level of antibodies.

What complications can occur after DPT vaccination?

DTP is one of the most reactogenic vaccinations in the calendar. Should we be afraid of it and refuse it?

Indeed, after the administration of DTP, adverse reactions often occur:

1. An increase in body temperature to 38.5*C occurs in approximately half of the cases after injection of the DPT vaccine. When using acellular vaccines (Prevenar, Infanrix or Adasel), it occurs approximately 2-3 times less often. Less common is an increase in temperature to 39*C (about 10% of cases). Extremely rare - up to 40*C (less than 0.5% of all vaccinated people). This increase in temperature goes away 1-3 days after vaccination on its own and only requires the use of an antipyretic drug in an age-appropriate dose to improve the child’s well-being.
2. Irritability and prolonged crying. Also quite common. For DPT, approximately 40% of all vaccinations. For acellular vaccines, this percentage drops to about 15%. It goes away on its own in 1-2 days. Requires only observation and care of the baby.
3. Local reactions in the form of swelling, redness and pain at the injection site occur with varying intensity in approximately half of those vaccinated. Local reactions are observed much less frequently in those vaccinated with acellular vaccine. Pain in the first days after vaccination can be reduced with the help of the same medications that are used to bring down a high fever. If redness, swelling and pain increase, and the drugs turn out to be ineffective, it makes sense to show the baby to the doctor in order not to miss complications associated with infection of the injection site, or violation of the drug administration technique.
4. Sometimes, for several days after vaccination, the baby is worried about loss of appetite and, as a result, weight loss. This phenomenon is temporary and does not require correction.
5. Vomiting occurs in approximately 15% of vaccinated children. It is never painful, repeated or long lasting. Does not require treatment. But you should notify your doctor about such a reaction.
6. Rarely (approximately 0.02% for DTP and even lower for acellular vaccines) febrile seizures occur in children after vaccination. Such convulsions occur at elevated temperatures. More often, children have a congenital predisposition to the development of such seizures. Vaccination in such situations serves only as a provoking factor. In most cases, febrile seizures are not dangerous for the baby, although they are very frightening for parents. After a seizure, a child must be seen by a doctor. And warn your doctor about previous cases of such an adverse reaction.

Severe and rare complications after vaccination include:

1. Acute allergic reactions. Immediately after vaccination, mother and baby are recommended to spend about half an hour within the walls of a medical institution.
2. Hypotensive-hyporesponsive syndrome. The risk is present approximately in the first 12 hours after vaccination. The child suddenly turns pale, becomes lethargic and lethargic. This complication does not require treatment, it goes away on its own, but it requires medical supervision. Hypotensive-hyporesponsive syndrome after DPT vaccination raises the question of further vaccination.

To reduce the risk of severe adverse reactions, examination before vaccination is recommended. Before vaccination, the child should not be sick with an acute respiratory infection. Chronic diseases must be in remission. If necessary, the attending physician can prescribe treatment for a child with a chronic disease during vaccination.

It must be said that the subsequent vaccination is more difficult to tolerate than the previous one. In children with severe reactions, it is advisable to replace the vaccine with an acellular one or one that does not contain the pertussis component.

Analogs

Level 4 ATC code matches:
Diphtheria-Tetanus toxoid

Tetanus toxoid

There is an imported vaccine Imovax D.T.Adult , which is better tolerated and does not lead to the development of unwanted reactions.

There are also monovalent vaccines , that is, separately for diphtheria - AD and tetanus - AS.

Difference between DTP and ADS-M

There are great similarities between DPT and ADS-M vaccinations. But DTP additionally contains a component that is directed against whooping cough.

ADS-M vaccination is recommended for adult patients and children over 4 years of age for vaccine administration or revaccination, since for this age a disease such as whooping cough is no longer dangerous.

However, in children under 4 years of age, everything is completely different - whooping cough is not only a dangerous disease, but can also be fatal. This disease can develop at lightning speed. And if an adult may have a prolonged cough, then in children a spasm of the respiratory muscles may occur, leading to a sudden stop in breathing. Only immediate resuscitation measures will help save life.

Symptoms of diphtheria and tetanus, what to look for

Both bacteria belong to the pathogenic group of microorganisms that can cause acute infectious diseases. Therefore, an infected person should be immediately isolated to reduce the risk of spreading the infection. You can also become infected with tetanus through contact with sick animals.

Symptoms to look out for so you can take immediate action:

• general weakness of the body, high temperature, enlarged lymph nodes;
• sore throat, difficulty swallowing, swelling of the neck and laryngeal tissues;
• enlarged tonsils and congestion of the pharyngeal mucosa;
• plaque on the tonsils, mucous membrane and adjacent tissues.

Diseases and their complications can cause death, can paralyze the neck muscles, increase the load on the heart and disrupt the functioning of the nervous system.

The following symptoms are typical for tetanus:

• fever, severe weakness;
• muscle tension and spasms throughout the body, especially in the face;
• difficulty breathing;
• spasms that can cause asphyxia and lead to death.

Reviews of the ADS-M vaccine

One of the most discussed topics on parenting and medical forums is vaccination. According to some parents, vaccinations are a necessity, and they find it strange that anyone would even doubt it. Others believe that vaccinations are dangerous to health and the body as a whole. Therefore, disputes about them can continue endlessly.

It should be noted that reviews of the ADS-M vaccine are quite common. They are largely related to the body’s reaction to vaccination. Patients often report experiencing unwanted symptoms after the procedure. For example, some are concerned about pain and an increase in temperature up to 38 degrees. In this case, the temperature rises especially often and usually occurs in the evening or the next day after vaccination. Sometimes this lasts for at least a week. In addition, muscle pain may occur.

You can also find reports where injections were given to patients after receiving wounds to prevent tetanus. As a result, lumps and skin irritations may appear.

Among all the discussions, questions arise: what does the ADS-M vaccination help against and what is it needed for? In addition, many adults do not know that after 14-16 years it needs to be given every 10 years, and for them this was a real discovery.

In most cases, side effects last 1-2 days. But it happens when it lasts longer. Then medical intervention and medication may be required. Of course, you should not abuse the use of tablets on your own, as this can further complicate the condition. It is best to consult a doctor immediately.

When is DTP vaccination given?

According to the national calendar, DPT vaccination is given at 3 months, 4.5 months and 6 months. Revaccination is done at 18 months. The second revaccination at 6-7 years is carried out without the pertussis component. The third - at the age of 14, and then every 10 years - also without adding the whooping cough component.

What to do if the DPT vaccination was not done on time?

If vaccinations are not completed, the calendar is continued at the same intervals indicated in the calendar. The second vaccine is given no less than 1.5 months after the first. The third is no less than 1.5 months from the second. Revaccination at least 12 months after the last vaccination.

DTP vaccination is given up to 4 years of age. After 4 doses, DTaP is given (in this case, the interval between the third vaccination and revaccination can be reduced to 6 months).

"Infanrix hexa", according to the instructions, is only done up to 36 months.

"Infanrix" and "Pentaxim" can be done up to 6 years.

"Adasel" is used only for revaccination at 6-7 years of age and for vaccination in adults every 10 years.

Children over 6 years of age are vaccinated only with pertussis-free vaccines (ADS, ADS-M, Bubo-M) or the Adasel vaccine. They receive two vaccinations 1.5 - 2 months apart. Revaccination after 9-12 months. And the second revaccination after 2 years.