Dimethyl sulfoxide: what is it, price, instructions for use

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

about dimethyl sulfoxide , what it is and exactly how it works, to understand the effect of the drug. This product is abbreviated as DMSO . It is a colorless liquid that is a bipolar aprotic solvent.

The active ingredient of the drug Dimethyl sulfoxide penetrates biological membranes. It has anti-inflammatory , antiseptic , analgesic and fibrinolytic effects. It has a transporting ability, which manifests itself through increased penetration of drugs through the skin and mucous membranes.

The mechanism of action of this drug is revealed through the inactivation of hydroxyl radicals. It helps in improving metabolism at the site of inflammation, and also reduces the speed of excitatory impulses in peripheral neurons .

When dimethyl sulfoxide it is detected in the blood after about 5 minutes. The maximum concentration of the active component is recorded after approximately 4-6 hours. At the same time, it remains at an almost unchanged level for 1.5-3 days. is metabolized to some extent in the liver. Excreted in urine and feces.

Reactions[edit]

Reactions with electrophiles[edit]

The sulfur center in DMSO is nucleophilic towards soft electrophiles, and the oxygen is nucleophilic towards hard electrophiles. With methyl iodide it forms trimethylsulfoxonium iodide, [(CH 3 ) 3 SO] I:

(CH 3 ) 2 SO + CH 3 I → [(CH 3 ) 3 SO] I

This salt can be deprotonated with sodium hydride to form a sulfur ylide:

[(CH 3 ) 3 SO] I + NaH → (CH 3 ) 2 S (CH 2 ) O + NaI + H 2

Acidity[edit]

Methyl groups of DMSO are only slightly acidic, with p K

a = 35. For this reason, the basicity of many weakly basic organic compounds has been studied in this solvent.

Deprotonation of DMSO requires strong bases such as lithium diisopropylamide and sodium hydride. Stabilization of the resulting carbanion is provided by the S(O)R group. The sodium derivative of DMSO thus formed is called sodium dimsil

. It is a base, for example, for the deprotonation of ketones to form sodium enolates, phosphonium salts to form Wittig reagents, and formamidinium salts to form diaminocarbenes. It is also a powerful nucleophile.

Oxidant[edit]

In organic synthesis, DMSO is used as a mild oxidizing agent, [7] as shown in the Pfitzner-Moffatt oxidation and Swerno oxidation. [8]

Ligand and Lewis base[edit]

Due to its ability to dissolve many salts, DMSO is a common ligand in coordination chemistry. [9] An illustrative example is the ruthenium(II) dichlorotetrakis(dimethylsulfoxide) complex (RuCl 2 (dmso) 4 ). In this complex, three DMSO ligands are linked to ruthenium via sulfur. The fourth DMSO is bound through oxygen. In general, the oxygen-bound mode is more common.

The carbon tetrachloride solutions of DMSO function as Lewis bases with various Lewis acids such as R2, phenols, trimethylol chloride, metalloporphyrins and the rhesus dimer 2Cl2(CO)4. The properties of the donor are discussed in the ECW model. The relative donating strength of DMSO to a number of acids compared to other Lewis bases can be illustrated using CB plots. [10] [11]

Indications for use

Dimethyl sulfoxide is used in the case of inflammatory diseases of the musculoskeletal system, traumatic infiltrates , purulent wounds, osteomyelitis , streptoderma , bruises, inflammatory edema , abscesses , erythema nodosum .

In addition, it can be prescribed for combination with NSAIDs for the treatment of deforming osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis , with Heparin in the case of thrombophlebitis , as well as with local antimicrobial scleroderma , erysipelas , eczema , acne , furunculosis , trophic ulcers . The product is also used in skin plastic surgery to preserve skin homografts

Links[edit]

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Instructions for use of Dimethyl sulfoxide (Method and dosage)

The instructions for Dimethyl sulfoxide indicate that it is used, as a rule, in the form of aqueous solutions (approximately 50% concentration) for compresses, rinsing and tampons. Gauze is moistened with the solution and applied to the affected areas, as well as adjacent areas. Next, a plastic film and cotton or linen fabric are applied.

In the case of trophic ulcers and erysipelas, the medicine is used in the form of a solution (30-50%) 2-3 times a day in a dosage of 50-100 ml. Instructions for use for eczema and diffuse streptoderma recommend making compresses with a solution (40-90%). For furunculosis, a 40% solution is used. For local anesthesia, take a solution (25-50%) and make compresses 2-3 times a day in a dosage of 100-150 ml. In case of deep burns , apply bandages with a 20-30% solution. If it is necessary to wash purulent-necrotic wounds and areas of inflammation, a 10-30% solution is used.

Dimethyl sulfoxide solution 20-30% is also used in skin plastic surgery for auto- and homografts . Bandages are applied immediately after surgery and on the first day before the graft engrafts.

Additionally, a 5% solution in Ringer's solution is used as a preservation medium for skin homografts .

Interaction

The medicine increases the degree of absorption and enhances the effect of other drugs. It can be used in conjunction with Heparin , as well as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agents. In addition, this drug increases sensitivity to beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics , Rifampicin , chloramphenicol , Griseofulvin .