5 female diseases. How to maintain reproductive health

Published: 01/29/2018 Updated: 07/21/2021

It often happens that many women perceive visits to the gynecologist as a necessity. They go to the doctor only when there is discomfort, pain, or problems with conception.

Let's fix the situation! Let the habit of regularly undergoing examinations with a female doctor become one of the most important. This will help maintain your quality of life for many years to come and achieve your goals.

Let's look at the 5 most common female diseases.

Candidiasis

Candidiasis is an infectious disease of the vaginal mucosa, which can “invade” the cervix and often the vulva. The causative agents of the disease are yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. Most often, candidiasis is caused by the species Candida albicans. Active growth of fungi can also be caused by the predominance of overly sweet foods in the diet. Typical symptoms of candidiasis or “thrush” are a white, curd-like discharge, redness and severe itching.

To assess the quantitative content of candida, it is recommended to:

• Sowing material for fungi of the genus Candida with determination of sensitivity to antimycotic drugs
• Candida albicans DNA (count)
• Qualitative test for candida content - Candida albicans DNA

You should not ignore the unpleasant symptoms of candidiasis, as well as self-medicate - sexually transmitted infections - ureaplasmosis and/or mycoplasmosis - are often hidden under the “mask” of candidiasis. These diseases are often the cause of infertility and miscarriage.

Endometritis

This is an inflammation of the lining of the uterus.

Causes:

most often associated with previously performed invasive interventions: separate therapeutic and diagnostic curettage of the uterine cavity and cervical canal, abortion, as well as as a result of severe childbirth, previous infections.

According to the nature of the flow, they are distinguished:

acute or chronic.

In acute endometritis it is possible:

• temperature increase;
• chills;
• asthenia;
• nagging pain in the lower abdomen;
• copious discharge from the genital tract, possibly bloody.

If such symptoms appear, it is imperative to seek help from a doctor!

In a chronic course, a woman may experience:

• intermenstrual bleeding;
• hypomenstrual syndrome (scanty menstruation);
• inability to become pregnant, or with episodes of miscarriage.

Such complaints are not uncommon among patients in our department and require a personalized approach to each patient with the prescription of appropriate therapy.

Diagnosis of endometritis:

• collection of anamnesis, patient complaints, examination on a gynecological chair “in the mirrors”;
• smears for microbiocenosis, PCR for infections;
• blood tests;
• ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs;
• aspiration/pipe/vacuum aspiration biopsy of the endometrium followed by histological examination;
• hysteroresectoscopy/separate therapeutic and diagnostic curettage of the uterine cavity and cervical canal, followed by histological examination.

Treatment:

• antibacterial therapy;
• anti-inflammatory therapy;
• detoxification therapy;
• immunomodulatory therapy;
• surgical treatment if necessary (for example, the presence of intrauterine synechiae);
• An important stage is rehabilitation: including hormonal and physiotherapeutic therapy.

Gardnerellosis

Stress, weakened immunity after illness, against the background of a chronic disease, can lead to the death of some lactobacilli and vaginal dysbiosis. At the same time, the number of gardnerella in the total bacterial mass increases significantly, which leads to bacterial vaginosis (gardnerellosis).

Typical symptoms of gardnerellosis: creamy discharge with a specific unpleasant odor. As with candidiasis, a number of studies are used to diagnose gardnerellosis:

• General clinical examination of genitourinary organ material (cellular composition, microflora)
• Gardnerella vaginalis DNA, vagina scraping

A new study at CITILAB - the analysis of Femoflor-16 - is specific and very indicative. The test helps the gynecologist to identify an infection in the complete absence of symptoms of infection, and also to quickly obtain an objective picture of the state of the biocenosis of the urogenital tract in a woman with gardnerellosis.

Salpingo-oophoritis

This is an inflammation of the uterine appendages (fallopian tubes, ovaries)

During the course of the disease it is possible:

• temperature increase;
• malaise;
• sharp or nagging pain in the lower abdomen;
• disorders of the urinary system (painful urination), as well as the gastrointestinal tract (bloating, flatulence).

If such symptoms appear, it is imperative to seek help from a doctor! In this situation, a specialist gynecologist will have to carry out differential diagnosis in order to exclude acute surgical pathology, prescribe therapy, including antibacterial therapy, and possible surgical intervention. It is extremely important to contact a medical facility in a timely manner to prevent possible complications, such as the development of peritonitis, the formation of hydrosalpinx, which can subsequently lead to partial or complete obstruction of the fallopian tubes, including removal of the fallopian tube, as well as adhesive disease of the pelvic organs.

Diagnosis of salpingoophoritis:

• collection of anamnesis, patient complaints, examination on a gynecological chair “in the mirrors”;
• smears for microbiocenosis, bacteriological examination, PCR for infections;
• blood and urine tests;
• ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs, CT;
• diagnostic laparoscopy.

Uterine fibroids

Uterine fibroids are one of the most common benign tumors in women. It often occurs precisely at the most active flowering age - after 30-35 years. The proliferation of cells that form a myomatous node occurs for various reasons. This may be a hereditary predisposition, hormonal imbalance. Myoma can occur in response to a negative impact, for example, after a serious inflammatory process.

The tumor forms “quietly”, without any special symptoms. Only a doctor can detect it during a gynecological examination. To clarify the diagnosis, it is necessary to perform an ultrasound; sometimes CT and MRI are used. After the examination, the doctor determines the further treatment strategy. Most often it is non-operative and combined.

An indication for surgery may be the “term” of fibroids: a tumor over 12 weeks must be removed. Tumors that grow too quickly, cause excessive bleeding, and therefore can cause anemia, are also surgically removed.

It is important to remember that the presence of fibroids can affect the ability to bear a child: it is more difficult for a fertilized egg to attach to the wall of the uterus.

Symptoms of secondary syphilis

The development of the secondary stage begins 2 months after the formation of compacted papules. The following symptoms may be observed:

• general malaise: headache, tinnitus, dizziness, poor appetite, high body temperature (up to 380C), pain in bones and joints, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, confusion. Speech disturbances and epileptic seizures may occur;
• dysfunction of internal organs (in 25% of cases): damage to the myocardium, liver, stomach, kidneys, membranes and blood vessels of the brain;
• loss of hair, eyelashes and eyebrows. Hair growth resumes after 1-2 months;
• the appearance of condylomas on the genitals and in the anal area;
• the occurrence of rashes on the skin, including the palms and soles of the feet, and mucous membranes.

The following types of rash are distinguished:

• syphilitic roseola - pink or pale pink flat spots from 0.5 to 1 cm in diameter. Localization – trunk and limbs;
• lenticular syphilide - copper-red round formations with a dense structure, rising above the skin;
• meliary syphilide - small dense formations with a diameter of up to 2-2.5 mm. They are brown in color and localized on the skin of the body. As a rule, such papules accumulate and form rings, arcs or plaques;
• coin-shaped syphilide - large red or brown formations with a diameter of up to 2.5 cm, slightly raised above the skin;
• weeping syphilide - eroded formations. They are moist, round in shape, and cause moderate itching. Localization – groin area and axillary folds;
• Condylomas lata are soft, pale pink formations that rise above the skin and are similar in appearance to papillomas. Localization – perineum and area around the mouth;
• pustular syphilide - small purulent formations with a yellowish crust at the end. Localization - on the skin of the trunk, limbs and face.

Usually after 3-5 weeks the rashes suddenly disappear, leaving no trace, even if no treatment was carried out. This period is called secondary latent syphilis. This stage lasts up to 5 years. During this time, relapses of the disease are observed, the rash appears again, but later also disappears on its own.

The course of the first wave of rashes is pronounced: multiple skin lesions, formations of a bright shade. Subsequently, darker elements are observed, often accumulating in groups.

Erosion (ectopia) of the cervix

One of the main symptoms of cervical erosion, or, as it is also called, cervical ectopia, is excessive bleeding after sexual intercourse. Now there are quite a lot of articles on the topic that there is no need to treat erosion. Although for another 5-10 years surgical treatment methods were used for this (DEC, cryodestruction, laser treatment, coagulation of the cervix).

Many women are afraid that erosion can turn into cancer. Mostly, this is not the case, because a malignant process can occur even in the absence of ectopia.

To eliminate the oncological risk of ectopia, CITILAB performs a cytological examination of smears (scrapings) from the surface of the cervix (external uterine pharynx) and the cervical canal using liquid cytology - Papanicolaou staining (Pap test). For nulliparous women, it is recommended to perform it once every two years.

In addition, you must also take the following smears:

• High oncogenic risk papillomavirus (DNA) HPV type 16 (HPV 16)
• High oncogenic risk papillomavirus (DNA) HPV type 18 (HPV 18)

The standard method for detecting cervical erosion is colposcopy. It is recommended to perform it at least once a year.

The most common female diseases: symptoms and treatment

Women's health is an important and sensitive topic. Any disease causes discomfort, disrupts the quality of life, and can lead to serious consequences. The situation is complicated by the fact that discussing intimate problems with someone is not always possible. Even when visiting a doctor, women often feel awkward describing their symptoms.

Meanwhile, there is no need to be shy about issues related to the health of the reproductive organs. Most diseases that can cause infertility, the growth of malignant cells and other serious pathologies are easily treated in the early stages. At the first signs of illness, you should consult a doctor. The specialist will make a diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment.

Causes of development of female diseases

There are external and internal provoking factors.

External causes of disease development:

• unfavorable ecological environment;
• neuroses, psychological stress, chronic stress and frequent depression;
• promiscuity;
• mechanical injuries of the external and internal genital organs;
• viral and bacterial infections, including STIs;
• early onset of sexual activity;
• incorrect choice of underwear;
• insufficient hygiene of intimate areas;
• local allergic reaction to fabrics, cosmetics;
• frequent and incorrect use of medications, especially oral contraceptives and antibiotics.

Internal provoking factors:

• inflammatory processes in the body that are a source of infection: chronic tonsillitis, sinusitis, pyelonephritis, etc.;
• hormonal imbalance due to gynecological, endocrine diseases;
• anomalies of the anatomical structure of internal organs;
• frequent miscarriages, abortions;
• the presence of systemic diseases (for example, diabetes).

Types of female diseases

According to the etiology of the disease there are:

• Inflammatory. Pathology is caused by the activity of microorganisms: viruses, bacteria, fungi. Diseases such as endometritis, mastitis, colpitis, and thrush are manifested by inflammation.
• Hormonal. Pathologies develop against the background of a hormone imbalance caused by disruption of the glands. This group of diseases is characterized by severe and multiple symptoms. Hormonal changes cause uterine fibroids, endometriosis, menstrual irregularities, and provoke the development of conditional pathologies such as multifollicular ovaries.
• Hyperplastic. The cause of the disease is the growth of a tumor. The tumor can be benign or oncological in nature. Hyperplastic diseases include cervical erosion, cysts, breast cancer, etc.

Let's look at the most common female diseases.

Inflammation of the uterine appendages

The disease develops when pathogens (gonococcus, streptococcus) or conditionally pathogenic microbes enter the body against the background of decreased immunity. Inflammation of the uterine appendages is often diagnosed after hypothermia, installation of an intrauterine device, or artificial termination of pregnancy.

Main symptoms:

• pain in the lower back and lower abdomen from the inflamed organ, which can radiate to the sacrum or anus;
• copious discharge with an unusual odor;
• weakness due to general intoxication;
• elevated body temperature.

Inflammation can spread to the ovaries and fallopian tubes, become chronic, which is more difficult to treat, and affect one or both uterine appendages. If left untreated, complications arise. According to medical statistics, about 20% of women suffering from infertility previously had inflammation of the uterine appendages and were not treated in a timely manner. The pathology also increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy. In advanced cases, purulent processes develop in the internal genital organs.

For diagnosis, an examination by a gynecologist is sufficient.

Uterine fibroids

Myoma is formed from muscle cells and is a benign tumor. The neoplasm does not degenerate, but increases in size. The growth of uterine fibroids causes discomfort and creates the risk of bleeding. During menopause, due to a decrease in the level of female sex hormones, the formation may decrease in size.

Causes of uterine fibroids:

• hormonal imbalance with an increase in the level of estrogen and progesterone in the blood;
• frequent abortions, curettage of the uterine cavity;
• irregular sex life;
• passive lifestyle.

Myoma has no characteristic symptoms. A woman learns about the presence of a neoplasm during a routine examination by a gynecologist or an ultrasound scan. In rare cases, bleeding that is not associated with menstruation is observed. A large tumor makes it difficult to urinate.

Endometriosis

The endometrium is the inner layer of cells lining the uterus. The peculiarity of the tissue is its ability to respond to changes in hormonal levels during the cycle. During the period of ovulation, when the uterus is preparing for fertilization, the endometrium thickens, grows, and a branched network of blood vessels is formed. If conception does not occur, the cells gradually exfoliate and menstruation begins.

Endometriosis is a pathology that is manifested by abnormal growth of the endometrium outside the uterine cavity. The disease has many causes: hormonal disorders, decreased protective function of the body, hereditary predisposition, etc. Endometriosis of the uterine appendages is accompanied by an enlargement of these organs.

There are no characteristic symptoms of pathology. Tissue proliferation does not manifest itself in any way in the initial stages. As the disease progresses, the following signs appear:

• heavy and painful menstruation;
• cycle disorders;
• weakness, general malaise;
• periodic lower back pain;
• spontaneous bleeding not associated with the menstrual cycle.

Mild forms of endometriosis are treated with conservative methods. In severe cases, laparoscopy is performed.

Cervical erosion

Disorders of the cervical mucosa are often diagnosed in women of reproductive age. The disease itself is not life-threatening, but it must be treated to prevent complications. Cervical erosion develops against the background of hormonal disorders, decreased immunity, inflammation, and endocrine diseases. To diagnose and exclude malignant processes, colposcopy is indicated.

Symptoms of pathology:

• pain during sexual intercourse;
• itching and discharge when infection occurs.

Signs of the disease rarely appear. Usually a woman learns about erosion at an appointment with a gynecologist. There are many modern treatment methods that completely eliminate the pathology without damaging or injuring the cervix.

Colpitis

An inflammatory disease localized in the vagina. Colpitis can be caused by any infectious agent: bacteria, virus, fungus. The disease is more often diagnosed in young women who are sexually active.

Symptoms of colpitis:

• pain in the lower abdomen;
• copious discharge that causes itching and burning of the external genitalia;
• rash on the skin of the perineum;
• dysuria (painful urination, frequent urge);
• swelling of the external genitalia.

The disease in its acute form has pronounced symptoms, the quality of life decreases, and the woman feels constant discomfort.

Chronic colpitis is less pronounced. The only symptoms that may be present are discharge and itching. Periods of exacerbation are followed by remissions.

Thrush

An inflammatory disease caused by the growth of the fungus Candida. These microorganisms are present in the microflora of every person, but do not manifest themselves in any way. In order for the fungus to begin to actively grow and cause disease, provoking factors are needed. The aggressiveness of the pathogen can be provoked by long-term use of antibiotics, decreased local immunity, poor hygiene of intimate areas, hormonal imbalances and other reasons.

According to statistics, about 75% of women have experienced symptoms of candidiasis at least once in their lives:

• leucorrhoea of ​​a cheesy nature with a sour odor;
• burning sensation in the perineum after sexual intercourse;
• soreness, itching in the vagina.

Thrush can occur with acute manifestations or be chronic.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and multifollicular ovaries

The disease is more often diagnosed in women aged 25–30 years. The prevalence of pathology is 2.5–8%.

The phenomenon of multifollicular ovaries itself is not a pathology. However, the process of follicle maturation and ovulation is disrupted. Gradually, the ovary becomes covered with multiple formations (non-ovulated follicles) - polycystic disease is formed. Among the causes of the disease are a genetic predisposition to increased levels of androgens and obesity.

Symptoms of PCOS:

• painful menstruation;
• the appearance of acne on the face;
• fluctuations in blood pressure both up and down;
• depressed state, depression;
• alopecia of certain areas or, conversely, excess hair growth (for example, mustache);
• skin pigmentation.

The most characteristic symptom of polycystic disease is irregular menstruation. The duration of the cycle can be several months.

Menstrual irregularities

Failure to menstruate is not a disease - it is a symptom of other pathologies. Normally, menstruation lasts from 3 to 8 days and repeats every 3-5 weeks. A cycle that is too long or too short, heavy or scanty discharge should be considered a symptom of the disease. A doctor's consultation is required. The absence of menstruation during childbearing age is a serious pathology.

The causes of menstrual irregularities are various:

• thyroid diseases, diabetes mellitus;
• hormonal disorders due to dysfunction of the ovaries and pituitary gland;
• chronic fatigue, stress;
• gynecological diseases with acute or chronic course;
• unfavorable ecological environment;
• irregular and/or unhealthy diet;
• malignant neoplasms.

To find and eliminate the cause of menstrual irregularities, a woman is prescribed a comprehensive laboratory and instrumental examination.

Mastitis

The disease develops in the mammary gland. Mastitis is an inflammation of the ducts or functional tissues of the breast. More often, the pathology is diagnosed in nursing women. The vast majority of cases occur in first-time mothers.

The main reason for the development of mastitis is stagnation of breast milk. Liquid is an ideal breeding ground for bacteria. The development of infection causes characteristic symptoms:

• feeling of fullness, tightness, pain in the mammary gland;
• redness and swelling of the skin on the side of inflammation;
• increase in body temperature.

Lack of treatment threatens the appearance of an abscess and sepsis. Timely consultation with a doctor allows you to quickly and completely get rid of mastitis.

Mammary cancer

Cancer is a malignant tumor. In different regions of the world, the prevalence of the disease ranges from 10 to 30%. Breast cancer affects women of all ages, including teenage girls. After 65 years, the risk of developing a malignant tumor increases several times compared to the group of patients under 30 years of age.

The cause of breast cancer can be genetic predisposition, radiation, refusal of breastfeeding after childbirth, lack of pregnancies or too frequent abortions, bad habits, poor environment, endocrine diseases, hormonal imbalance.

Malignant formation in the early stages has no symptoms. You can detect cancer yourself by palpating the breast - small nodules and lumps are detected. Women over 40 years old undergo mammography, which is also an effective method of early diagnosis.

Symptoms of breast cancer are nonspecific:

• frequent mastopathy and breast tenderness;
• menstrual irregularities;
• enlarged axillary lymph nodes;
• swelling of the breast.

At later stages, visible changes appear on the skin of the diseased mammary gland. A so-called lemon peel is formed. The skin changes color and becomes wrinkled. The progression of the disease causes retraction of the nipple, spread of the tumor into the armpits, the appearance of metastases, and ulcerations on the surface of the mammary gland.

Treatment of female diseases

When the first symptoms appear, you should consult a gynecologist. The specialist conducts an examination and takes a swab from the vagina. If necessary, the patient is prescribed additional tests, ultrasound, and other research methods.

Treatment is carried out comprehensively. Therapy is aimed not only at eliminating symptoms, but also at combating concomitant diseases.

Depending on the diagnosis, the patient is prescribed:

• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The drugs help eliminate inflammation and alleviate the patient’s condition with urinary tract infection. Medicines also have an analgesic effect for menstrual irregularities.
• Antibiotics, antiviral drugs, antiseptics, antimycotics. Medicines with broad or targeted action eliminate the causative agent of the disease. The type and dosage of medications is selected by the doctor after diagnosis.
• Hormonal agents. An effective remedy for restoring the menstrual cycle, treating tumors, inflammation, and concomitant diseases. Hormones are prescribed for recovery after surgical treatment, to prevent unwanted pregnancies, normalize hormonal levels and treat infertility.
• General strengthening drugs. After treatment, a woman needs to take care of her immunity. A course of vitamins is an adjuvant to the main therapy. Additionally, your doctor may prescribe iron supplements, for example, after heavy menstruation or bleeding.

Physiotherapy is actively used in the treatment of gynecological diseases. The procedures are carried out in courses of several days. In cases of severe chronic disease, surgical intervention is indicated. Treatment is carried out in a hospital using modern gentle methods. For example, after laparoscopy, the patient can go home 2–4 days after the operation; there are practically no scars left on the skin.

An important factor in maintaining women's health is regular medical examinations and preventive examinations by a gynecologist.

Diagnosis and treatment of female diseases in Moscow

MedEx Personal Medicine Clinic provides the opportunity to consult a gynecologist and undergo the necessary examinations in one place and in the shortest possible time. Don’t put off visiting a doctor—women’s diseases are best treated at an early stage.

Diagnosis of diseases in gynecology

All of these diseases are the result of introduced infections that are sexually transmitted.

Chronic gynecological diseases, like many others, can be prevented. To do this, women need to undergo an annual routine examination with a gynecologist.

It should include:

— Vaginal examination on a chair;

— Taking smears for cytology and flora;

— Ultrasound diagnostics of the pelvic organs.

The following will also help determine the diagnosis:

— Urine and blood tests;

— Immunogram (blood test to assess the functioning of the immune system);

— Determination of the pathogen by PCR;

— Functional tests (measurement of rectal temperature, determination of pupil symptoms, tension of cervical mucus);

— Laparoscopic examination;

— Hysteroscopy (examination of the uterine cavity from the inside);

- Endometrial biopsy.

What are the dangers of diseases?

Everyone has long known that any disease, be it the same banal cold, is fraught with serious consequences and complications if they are not treated. The same applies to diseases of the reproductive system in women. The worst complication of these pathologies for a woman is infertility. After all, those organs that are responsible for reproductive function are affected. And if the problem is left unattended, then a woman’s chances of becoming pregnant and bearing a child decrease more and more over time. And even if conception occurs, pregnancy always threatens with some pathological complications, including miscarriage or death of the fetus inside the womb. And the sooner a woman turns to professionals for help, the better for her health and ability to have children.

Types of diseases of the reproductive system

Each type of disease of the female reproductive system has its own root cause. The source of the pathology can be an infection transmitted from person to person during sexual intercourse; inflammatory processes in the pelvic area; various types of tumors, both benign and malignant; failure of the endocrine system, i.e. hormonal imbalance.

Among hormone-dependent diseases in women, the most common are:

Ovarian dysfunction is a general name for a number of pathological changes in the ovaries caused by disturbances in their hormonal function, endocrine disorders and inflammatory processes.

Uterine fibroids are benign neoplasms in the muscular layers of the uterus. It develops in the walls of the uterus itself or its cervix, and ranges in size from a couple of millimeters to several centimeters.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal female disease. It is characterized by an increase in the size of the ovaries and the presence of numerous small bubbles with fluid on them, called cysts.

Adenomyosis - the inner mucous lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows into muscle tissue, which causes long, painful menstruation, uterine bleeding, brownish discharge between periods, and pain during sex.

Endometriosis is the growth of endometrial cells into the muscle tissue of the uterus and beyond. The pelvic organs (ovaries, fallopian tubes, bladder), abdominal cavity and even the chest are affected.

The most common inflammatory diseases of the female reproductive system are:

Inflammatory processes in the appendages (salpingoophoritis, adnexitis) - develops as a result of damage to the appendages and ovaries by various types of infections.

Cervical erosion is an ulcerative lesion of the cervical mucosa that occurs due to trauma, sexually transmitted infections, and hormonal imbalances.

Colpitis or vaginitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the vagina, which is infectious and non-infectious in nature.

Bartholinitis is a purulent-inflammatory lesion of the Bartholin glands. Most often it occurs due to infection with pathogenic microbes that are sexually transmitted.

Endometritis is an inflammatory process in the uterus that affects its inner layer, the endometrium.

Inflammatory diseases also include cystitis, cervicitis, oophoritis, pelvioperitonitis, etc.

Infectious diseases of the female reproductive system include: trichomoniasis, ureaplasmosis, mycoplasmosis, genital herpes, gardnerellosis, gonorrhea, cytomegalovirus, etc.

General symptoms

Of course, each disease of the reproductive system has its own characteristic symptoms. But there are several common symptoms, when a woman appears, she should definitely see a doctor:

• First of all, these are pains of any nature (sharp, dull, aching), localized in the lower abdomen and lumbar region.
• Any type of uterine bleeding. as well as spotting that is not associated with menstruation and occurs in the middle of the menstrual cycle.
• Pain and discomfort during sexual intercourse.
• Decreased sexual desire or its complete absence.
• Irregularity of the menstrual cycle - it becomes either too long or too short, the amount of discharge has also changed (there are more of them or they are almost absent).
• Itching and burning sensation appeared in the genital area.

And, of course, if any ulcerations or neoplasms are detected on the external genital organs (chancre, lumps, nodes, ulcers), the woman should immediately consult a doctor.

It should be mentioned that many diseases at the beginning of their development do not manifest themselves and do not give pronounced symptoms. Therefore, all experts strongly recommend that women undergo a routine examination by a gynecologist at least once a year, but ideally they should be checked every six months.

How do gynecological diseases occur in women?

As for infectious diseases, especially in an advanced stage, they can provoke acute gynecological pathologies. If the symptoms are erased and were not noticed in time, such diseases often develop into an advanced chronic form.

Tumor pathologies and diseases associated with the endocrine system are distinguished by their duration and the complete absence of direct signs. They can only be identified by examining a gynecologist and undergoing tests.

Women, regardless of their area of ​​work, health or social status, are recommended to undergo a preventive examination every six months.

The medical services of the Confidence Center will help you forget about illnesses and health problems, giving you back a full life.

The reasons for the appearance of pathologies include hormonal disorders, any anomalies in the development of the genitourinary system, as well as external factors. Moreover, the last group is one of the most numerous:

• early sexual activity
• non-compliance with intimate hygiene standards
• frequent change of sexual partners during unprotected sex
• infectious foci
• stress, nervous overexcitation, overwork, insomnia
• uncontrolled and unprescribed use of antibiotics
• weakened immune system
• irregular, unbalanced diet
• frequent esophageal disorders, uncontrolled diets and underweight (excess) weight
• incorrectly selected hormonal contraceptives
• frequent abortions
• various gynecological procedures, including surgical interventions.

Infectious diseases are the easiest to spot. A feeling of discomfort appears, the discharge intensifies, acquiring an uncharacteristic odor and color. This may be due not only to a change in sexual partner, but also to hypothermia, or the use of a new intimate hygiene product.

Other diseases are more difficult to recognize. For example, women may associate a disruption in the menstrual cycle with stress or the absence of a permanent partner, although this symptom may indicate a serious hormonal imbalance. If inconsistent and not abundant bleeding occurs, it is possible to diagnose polyps or ectopia of the cervix.

Symptoms of tertiary syphilis

This type of disease is diagnosed extremely rarely. It develops 4-5 years after infection and is characterized by damage to the skin, mucous membranes, bones and internal organs. Over time it leads to death.

The symptoms are as follows:

• the appearance of brown or red-brown plaques on the skin. They have an uneven outline, rise above the skin, and are covered with ulcers and crusts. Localization – arms, back, face;
• formation in the subcutaneous tissue of an isolated gumma - a hard node the size of a walnut and an ulcer in the center. It usually occurs on the scalp, chest, face, and sometimes on the mucous membranes of the mouth, larynx and nose. In the latter case, tissue destruction and deformation of the palate occurs. Against this background, a number of complications develop:
• the nasal septum is destroyed and the nose is deformed;
• hoarseness and hoarseness appear;
• tongue mobility is impaired.
• damage to the nervous, vascular and skeletal systems, which manifests itself in the form of syphilitic meningitis, hydrocephalus, progressive paralysis;
• deformation and dysfunction of internal organs (liver, kidneys, lungs, heart).