Mode of application
Adults for the treatment of ulcers from dentures and oral infections in adults caused by Candida albicans, 1 ml of suspension is administered into the oral cavity 4 times a day; contact of the drug with the affected areas should be ensured for as long as possible.
Children: for intestinal and oral candidiasis (thrush) in children from birth, 1 ml should be administered into the oral cavity 4 times a day. The longer the suspension is in contact with the affected area in the mouth before swallowing, the greater its effect will be.
For the prevention of candidiasis in newborns, the recommended dose is 1 ml once a day.
Thrush: a common problem with improper treatment
Every woman knows what candidiasis (“thrush”) is. And each has a “proven” remedy. But what if symptoms return? Why can candidiasis persist? And how to find an individually effective medicine?
Why does Candida fungus “grow”?
1. Lactobacillus deficiency
As is known, the basis of female microflora is lactobacilli. The share of which, ideally, is at least 85%.
The remaining 15% are dozens of species of opportunistic bacteria and 4 species of Candida fungi. The presence of which is acceptable and safe, but only in limited quantities.
Control of the number of such pathogens is carried out by lactobacilli, which secrete lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide. And while there are enough of the latter, “conditionally harmful” ones are not capable of reproduction.
To maintain normal activity, lactobacilli need food - glycogen from the surface cells of the vaginal epithelium ("dead from old age").
And the rate of epithelium renewal, that is, “replenishment of food reserves,” in turn, depends on the balance of estrogen.
Thus, a decrease in lactobacilli and the “overgrowth” of fungi and other pathogens against this background is often associated with an imbalance of estrogen and is observed with:
- Diseases or decreased ovarian function,
- When taking certain oral contraceptives;
- Against the backdrop of acute stress
- Against the background of sudden weight loss (fat is needed for the synthesis of estrogens).
Mechanically, frequent douching and other similar procedures that “wash away” the surface layer of cells and a certain amount of beneficial flora can provoke disturbances.
Well, among other reasons:
- inflammatory diseases
- sexually transmitted infections
- long-term and/or “non-targeted” use of antibiotics
- and the use of antibacterial/antiseptic suppositories.
2. Insufficiency of immunity
“Thrush” may also be associated with immune disorders, since Candida is “under the supervision” of local defenses.
And another risk factor for candidiasis are:
- various immunodeficiency conditions
- chronic pathologies that adversely affect the immune system (diabetes mellitus, thyroid pathologies, oncological processes, etc.),
- taking glucorticoid hormones.
3. Household reasons
Well, the most “banal” provocateur of the violation may be the regular use of sanitary pads, wearing synthetic underwear and some other factors that create conditions for increased local temperature, oxygen deficiency and high humidity. That is, what fungi of the genus Candida “love”.
Candidiasis or “other”
If you suspect a risk of candidiasis, you can already based on the presence of the listed factors. It is not easy to distinguish candidiasis from vaginosis at first glance.
At the same time, the treatment of one and another pathology is fundamentally different. And the use of non-targeted therapy leads to chronicity of the process and the development of complications, including infertility.
The nature of the discharge can help determine candidiasis by eye - white, cheesy, with a sour odor, accompanied by severe itching. However, not everyone has such “classic” signs and not always.
Vaginosis (bacterial vaginosis) often “has” copious white-gray, sometimes foamy, discharge, with an alkaline (“fishy”) odor, which intensifies after sexual intercourse. Sometimes with itching. However, even here the nature of the symptoms varies greatly. And, among other things, violations can be combined.
Thus, to accurately distinguish candidiasis from other forms of vaginal dysbiosis, a flora analysis will be required.
And the most complete picture can be obtained from the “Florocenosis” analysis.
The study includes calculations:
- lactobacilli,
- causative agents of bacterial vaginosis Gardnerella vaginalis
- and Atopobium vaginae,
- Enterobacteriaceae
- Ureaplasma urealyticum,
- Candida albicans
which makes it possible to differentiate several types of dysbiosis at once and apply the correct treatment.
Typing fungi of the genus Candida allows you to select an effective antifungal drug. After all, not everyone knows, but some of the listed types have pronounced resistance to popular means. You can get the typing result in the “Florocenosis” test or submit a vaginal smear for a separate fungal typing test in order to accurately determine the type of thrush pathogen and select the right antifungal drug.
Prevention of candidiasis
Summarizing all of the above and adhering to national clinical recommendations, we can conclude that the prevention of “thrush” in both women and men comes down to:
- maintaining personal hygiene,
- the use of barrier methods of contraception,
- abstaining from unprotected sexual intercourse with frequent changes of partners,
- avoiding uncontrolled use of hormonal and antibacterial drugs,
- exclusion from the “wardrobe” of tight, synthetic underwear,
- monitoring the state of general, hormonal and reproductive health.
In addition, women should:
- limit the use of sanitary pads to menstruation days only,
- exclude douching, vaginal douche and other similar procedures,
- prevent long-term use of intrauterine devices and vaginal diaphragms.
And pregnant women require special attention, due to physiological weakening of the immune system, changes in hormonal levels and stagnation of lymph in the pelvis due to increased intra-abdominal pressure. Which creates “favorable” conditions for the development of vaginal dysbiosis.
Note!
Description of the drug Nystatin-Zdorovye Susp. yelled 100000 IU/ml vial. 50ml on this page is a simplified author’s version of the apteka911 website, created on the basis of the instructions for use.
Before purchasing or using the drug, you should consult your doctor and read the manufacturer's original instructions (attached to each package of the drug). Information about the drug is provided for informational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to self-medication. Only a doctor can decide to prescribe the drug, as well as determine the dose and methods of its use.
Nystatin
Nystatin is an “old” antifungal antibiotic, representing a group of polyenes (so-called natural antibiotics) on pharmacy counters. The drug has a very narrow specialization, showing its antimycotic activity against only yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. This happens as follows: nystatin interacts with sterols that are part of the cell membranes of fungi. As a result, the permeability of cell membranes is disrupted, which entails the release of the main components of the fungal cell into the wild. The action of nystatin is characterized as fungistatic, i.e. inhibiting the growth and reproduction of fungi. After removing the fungistatic agent, their growth has every chance of resuming.
Nystatin is available in four dosage forms: tablets, ointment, rectal and vaginal suppositories. When taking the drug orally, it is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Local application of nystatin avoids its absorption into the systemic circulation. The drug does not accumulate in the body and is excreted in feces. Indications for use of the drug will vary depending on the form of release. Thus, vaginal and rectal suppositories are used according to the site of administration, i.e. in the first case it will be vaginal candidiasis, and in the second - candidiasis of the lower intestine. Tablets are used for candidiasis of the skin and mucous membranes, as well as internal organs, ointment - only for the skin and mucous membranes. For prophylactic purposes, nystatin can be used in all forms of release. It should be noted that at present this drug, in the language of Internet memes, is “no longer a cake” and is gradually losing its position in relation to a number of diseases.
Thus, for decades, nystatin was practically the only drug for the treatment of oral candidiasis. However, previously collected information about the 90% effectiveness of this drug in modern realities has not been confirmed, and in clinical practice, fluconazole has proven itself much more successful in treating this disease.
When internal organs are affected by candida, nystatin is prescribed orally, regardless of diet. Adults should take 500,000 units 4-8 times a day. For generalized candidiasis (when the fungal infection acquires impressive proportions), the daily dose of nystatin can reach up to 6,000,000 units. The doses of the drug used in pediatric practice depend on the age of the child: 250,000 units 3-4 times a day (from 1 to 3 years), 250,000-500,000 units 4 times a day (over 3 years). The duration of treatment is on average 10-14 days with the possibility of repeating the drug course after a week's "rest" from antimycotic therapy. The ointment should be applied to the areas of skin and mucous membranes affected by candida in a thin layer 2 times a day for 7-10 days. A combination of ointment and nystatin tablets is allowed. Before inserting vaginal suppositories into the vagina, the necessary hygienic procedures should be carried out. Dosage regimen: 1 suppository twice a day, morning and evening. The course of treatment is 10-14 days. The dosage frequency and dosage regimen for rectal suppositories is similar, only the route of administration into the body differs.
Peculiarities
Nystatin suppositories, which are affordable, are intended for intravaginal and rectal administration in the treatment of thrush and vaginitis. They are distinguished by their cylindrical shape, which simplifies their use. The drug belongs to the group of drugs with fungistatic effects.
The active component of the drug is nystatin. The substance has an antimycotic effect. Its greatest activity is observed against fungi of the genus Candida. After using the drug, the active component disrupts the permeability of cell membranes, after which the fungal cells die.
Contraindications
An absolute contraindication to taking nystatin suppositories is hypersensitivity to the active ingredient. Do not use the product during pregnancy.
Suppositories with targeted antimycotic action are not prescribed for liver dysfunction. Contraindication is exacerbation of pancreatitis. The product is approved for use only from the age of 18 years. This is due to the fact that the drug has not been tested for its effect on the child’s body.
During lactation, there are no restrictions on the use of nystatin suppositories. The active component enters the bloodstream in small quantities; therefore, no traces of it were found in breast milk. When treating suppositories with nystatin, you do not need to stop breastfeeding.
Purpose
Nystatin suppositories are prescribed, the instructions indicate this, when diagnosing candidiasis of the vaginal mucous membranes. When the disease worsens, severe unpleasant symptoms occur: itching, burning, redness, swelling. Additionally, abundant curd-like discharge from the vagina appears. In the absence of proper treatment, candidiasis can lead to the development of serious inflammatory processes that will require complex and lengthy treatment.
Since very often the cause of thrush is a decrease in immunity, the drug is prescribed as a prophylactic agent. In particular, nystatin suppositories are indicated for use in cases of hypothermia for a long time. The product should also be used during periods of treatment for various diseases with antibiotics and corticosteroids. It is also recommended to use nystatin suppositories for dysbacteriosis.
Suppositories are also prescribed for rectal use in the diagnosis of mycotic lesions of the mucous membrane of the rectum and large intestine. The medicine is indicated after operations on the intestines. The drug is prescribed as an additional agent in the complex treatment of various diseases, in particular trichomoniasis and chlamydia.
Negative reactions of the body
When using nystatin suppositories in accordance with the doctor's recommendations and the dosage instructions for use, adverse reactions of the body are rarely observed. Allergic reactions are practically eliminated, since the active component almost does not enter the bloodstream.
Minor local discomfort after using suppositories disappears quickly, so replacement of the drug is not required. Yellowish discharge after using suppositories is considered normal. The main unpleasant symptoms that can persist on the mucous membrane of the vagina or anus for a couple of days are as follows:
- Burning or itching.
- Edema and hyperemia.
A false sensation of the presence of a foreign body may also occur. This is due to swelling. When used rectally, suppositories can provoke a frequent and strong urge to defecate. In some patients, suppositories may cause diarrhea. It can be one-time or maintained for the entire period of use of the candles.
Serious negative reactions of the body can occur in people with weakened immune systems, as well as those suffering from serious kidney and liver pathologies. In such cases, chills, nausea and vomiting may occur after using suppositories. In addition, while taking the drug there is a risk of increased signs of liver failure.
The risks of overdose are not high due to the absorption characteristics of the active substance. But if pronounced negative reactions of the body appear, it is necessary to rinse the stomach and take absorbents.
