Oral polio vaccine (OPV)

The drug "Poliorix" is a vaccine that promotes the effective development of immunity against the most common and most dangerous strains of polio: I, II and III.

The drug has been known for more than ten years and is actively used to vaccinate the population against a dangerous disabling disease.

The vaccine is produced in Belgium under license from the famous British medical concern GlaxoSmithKline. The suspension is supplied in ampoules containing one dose of the drug equal to 0.5 milliliters.

"Poliorix" is used to prevent the incidence of polio in adults and children. In order to prevent a dangerous disease, vaccinations can be given as early as three months of age.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Pharmacodynamics

A vaccine made from of polio viruses that are inactivated by formaldehyde . Causes the production of neutralizing antibodies against all three serotypes . Antibodies are produced after the second injection, immunity to viruses appears after the 3rd injection, intensifies and persists for 5 years after revaccination . Preclinical data showed no harm to humans.

Pharmacokinetics

No data.

Who should get the polio vaccine?

The vaccine is designed for patients over three months of age and has no other age restrictions. Vaccination promotes the development of stable immunity, while refusal to vaccinate not only sharply increases the risk of illness and puts the patient at risk, but also increases the risk of infection for others.

Vaccine composition:

• Inactivated strains of polio: Type 1 - 40 medical units;
• The second type - eight medical units;
• Third type - 32 medical units;

Analogs

Level 4 ATC code matches: Imovax Polio
Imovax Polio .

Which is better Imovax Polio or Poliorix?

There are no fundamental differences between these inactivated vaccines. They are identical in composition, quality and reactogenicity. They differ only in the manufacturer: Poliorix is ​​Belgian, Imovax Polio is French. The vaccines are completely interchangeable; in the absence of one, you can continue vaccinating with the other. IPV tolerated , first of all, because it does not contain “live” polio , is safer for children, and secondly, it contains a small amount of antigens .

Safety precautions before vaccination

To ensure that the vaccination process is safe and does not lead to complications, you should follow simple safety measures:

• To make sure that your body is completely healthy and there are no hidden infections, you can take a general blood test to control it;
• Refrain from culinary experiments and do not introduce new and unusual foods into the diet for several days after receiving the vaccine;
• Avoid visiting crowded places a couple of days before vaccination to avoid accidental infection;
• It is strictly forbidden to wet or comb the injection site.

Reviews of Poliorix

Immunoprophylaxis is the basis of the fight against infections. With its help smallpox , measles and mumps . Severe infections that cause high morbidity in childhood, including polio . Poliorix, as a vaccine option, is currently widely used.

Vaccination against polio can be carried out with OPV (oral polio vaccine with weakened live pathogens) or IPV (inactivated vaccines): Imovax Polio or the above-mentioned polio vaccine Poliorix. Regardless of the vaccine, the child will be equally protected. Antibodies against this disease begin to be produced immediately after the first vaccination, but the necessary and long-term protection is formed after at least two to three injections. In the case of vaccination with inactivated vaccines, protection after the first revaccination lasts 5 years, so the second revaccination is done after five years, and the third at 14 years. The national calendar of preventive vaccinations contains a vaccination scheme with inactivated and “live” oral vaccines, as well as a scheme for combining them. Inactivated or “acellular” vaccines are less reactogenic, especially for children with allergic diseases. Therefore, acellular vaccines are used as an alternative in these children.

The first two vaccinations for children under one year of age are given the IPV according to the timing of vaccination; it is also used in older children who have not been vaccinated against this disease before. Imovax Polio has been used in Russia since 1996, so the results of its use are well known, but Poliorix has only been used since 2009, and parents are afraid to use it and are looking for the former in every possible way.

• “... We are about to get the Poliorix vaccine, I’m very worried, but the doctor said that it’s an analogue of Imovax.”
• “...Today we are going to get this vaccination. I hope everything works out. Imovax could not be found.”
• “... We gave this vaccination to a 3.2 year old child. We prepared 5 days in advance - we drank Zyrtec . They tolerated the vaccination perfectly.”
• “... We were vaccinated with Poliorix, everything was fine, there was no reaction.”

However, complications from Poliorix are rare, and most often it is a temperature reaction.

• “... We were vaccinated with this vaccine for the 3rd time. The first two times there were no reactions, and the third time with a temperature of up to 37.5, she sleeps restlessly, but is alert and has a normal appetite.”
• “... My daughter’s temperature stayed at 39 all night, we didn’t do anything to bring it down, and it dropped by morning.”
• “... We had a high temperature for 2 days. People at the clinic were surprised, they said this happens very rarely.”
• “... We did it three times. The second time - fever for 2 days, the third time - rash, diarrhea and fever for 5 days. Although everyone convinces us that there is no reaction to this vaccine.”

The polio vaccine is recommended to be given together with the DTP (against diphtheria , whooping cough and tetanus ), since they coincide in vaccination schedules. There are vaccines available in the Russian Federation: domestic DPT and Belgian Infanrix So parents have a choice. Most often, parents choose Infanrix + Poliorix.

• “... I am very glad that they did it with these drugs. There was no reaction."
• “... We gave Fenistil before this vaccination, everything went great!”
• “... I’ve heard only positive things about these vaccines.”
• “... There was no reaction at all. Even redness at the injection site.”

Why is polio dangerous?

Poliomyelitis is a viral disease that leads to dangerous complications, affecting the nervous system and especially the spinal cord, leading to paralysis and various sluggish paresis.

Poliomyelitis can be transmitted with both mild symptoms and a full range of unpleasant phenomena. The mild form of polio is characterized by rapid fevers, catarrhal symptoms, and dyspepsia. In the severe form, symptoms typical of inflammatory processes in the brain are added: deformities of the arms and legs, autonomic disorders, peripheral paralysis, and others.

Vaccination is an effective measure of protection against polio, which is dangerous because:

1. At the onset of the disease, there is an increase in body temperature, increased sweating and diarrhea;
2. Skin rashes are observed throughout the body, acute muscle pain and painful sensations when urinating;
3. Inflammation of the membranes of the brain and disruption of the functioning of internal organs occurs;
4. Poor health is observed due to sudden changes in blood pressure, depression of respiratory function;
5. The legs fail and paralysis of the lower half of the body occurs.

Since polio is spread by airborne droplets and the oral-fecal route, being close to the source of the disease makes it quite easy to become infected: just contact with a dirty object is enough.

As a result of polio, serious disability develops and the person cannot return to normal life.

Vaccination is a simple and effective measure that can protect your health.

When to vaccinate?

According to the National Vaccination Calendar, the first IPV vaccination is carried out starting from 3 months, the second – at 4.5 months, the 3rd vaccination of the primary vaccination course is given at 6 months with live polio vaccine. Revaccinations against polio are carried out in accordance with the OPV calendar: the first - at 18 months, the second - at 20 months, the third - at 14 years.

When using inactivated polio vaccine in accordance with the instructions for the drug, the first revaccination is carried out 1 year after the third administration of the vaccine. Subsequent revaccination is carried out every 5 years until the patient reaches the age of 18 years and then every 10 years for life.

Vaccine options

The development of effective vaccines to prevent paralytic polio was one of the greatest medical advances of the 20th century.
Today there are two types of vaccines against this disease. Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), which contains killed poliovirus, is administered intramuscularly. Oral polio vaccine (OPV), which contains a weakened live poliovirus, is given by mouth. It is the most commonly used polio vaccine today. Vaccines can be divided into types. As a result of the development and evaluation of the bivalent oral polio vaccine in 2009, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative now has an arsenal of 5 different vaccines to stop polio transmission:

• oral polio vaccine (OPV);
• monovalent oral polio vaccine (mOPV1 and mOPV3);
• bivalent oral polio vaccine (bOPV);
• inactivated polio vaccine (IPV).

In Russia, until April 2021, the following mono- and combined vaccines were used to prevent polio: mono vaccines - oral polio types 1, 2, 3, Imovax Polio, Poliorix; combination vaccines - Infanrix Penta, Infanrix Hexa, Pentaxim, Tetraxim.

In April 2021, OPV containing Sabin strains 1, 2 and 3 was destroyed in accordance with the WHO Global Polio Eradication Initiative.

When should the Infanrix Hexa vaccine not be given?

- if the test results do not comply with the standards

- at elevated temperature in a child

- in case of intolerance to the components contained in the Infarnrix Hexa vaccine

- during exacerbation of chronic diseases

- in other cases mentioned by the pediatrician before vaccination

Additional Information

Is it possible to purchase Infanrix Hexa from us or where to buy Infanrix Hexa in Moscow?

Medical and “Our Children” do not sell the Infanrix Hexa vaccine, we vaccinate.

Where to get vaccinated with Infanrix Hexa in Moscow?

You can vaccinate with Infanrix Hexa in medical and “Our Children”, the Infanrix Hexa vaccine is available. Vaccination requires a mandatory examination before vaccination, the vaccination itself and observation after vaccination.

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Vaccine effectiveness

The introduction of vaccines that prevent polio into practice led to a rapid decrease in incidence, and in many territories to its almost complete elimination (for example, in the USSR since 1961). (Incidence fell from 22,000 cases to 4,000 cases in 1961; since 1962, no more than 100-150 cases have been reported per year, many of which may have been caused by other enteroviruses).

Since 1988, the number of polio cases worldwide has decreased by more than 99%, from an estimated 350,000 to 73 cases reported in 2015. This decrease was the result of global efforts to eradicate the disease. The polio vaccine forms long-term immunity to the virus of all types in 95% of those vaccinated after the first course of vaccination (three vaccinations).

Some countries have switched to inactivated polio vaccine only due to progress towards polio eradication (as the risk of wild poliovirus has decreased). But most countries use OPV because it has the unique ability to induce local gut immunity, meaning it can interrupt transmission of wild poliovirus in the natural environment. This is not possible with IPV, an inactivated polio vaccine that stimulates low levels of immunity against poliovirus in the intestine, resulting in individual protection against polio, but unlike OPV, it cannot prevent the spread of wild poliovirus. IPV is recommended for patients with immunodeficiency, HIV-infected people, as well as those whose families have such patients.

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Post-vaccination reactions

There is practically no reaction to the introduction of a live vaccine. In extremely rare cases, a slight increase in body temperature is possible 5-14 days after vaccination. In young children, a slight increase in bowel movements may occur, which lasts 1-2 days and goes away on its own without treatment. After administration of an inactivated vaccine, in a small percentage of cases there may be local reactions in the form of swelling and redness. Very rarely, a general reaction may occur in the form of a slight rise in body temperature, anxiety of the child on the first or second day after vaccination, which soon disappear.