Glutoxim amp 30mg/ml 2ml N5 (PHARMA YOU)

Glutoxim®

Glutoxim® is the first drug created using the scientific and technological platform we developed, but it has limited capabilities compared to subsequent developments. It represents the basic primary MFA.

Instructions for use

Instructions for use

It has an immunomodulatory effect and is the only drug approved for clinical use from the group of regulators of the body’s own defense systems; Leads to the formation of a functionally active structure of internal hematopoiesis stimulants and receptors for them, which normalizes hematopoiesis and blood composition;

Increases the number of receptors in a functionally active state. When treated with the drug, the effect on the xenobiotic receptor is simulated - the cell develops defense enzymes and turns out to be more resistant to adverse effects;

Suppresses the ability of tumor cells to remove drugs aimed at their destruction, as well as molecules synthesized by cells of the immune system. Glutoxim® is characterized by the ability to initiate redox processes of the formation of disulfide bonds in the structure of extracellular and cell-surface molecules of a peptide nature. The main components of the pharmacological activity of the drug are the enhancement of bone marrow hematopoiesis (the processes of erythropoiesis, leukopoiesis and granulocyto-monocytopoiesis), activation of the phagocytosis system (including in conditions of immunodeficiency states), restoration in the peripheral blood of the level of neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes and the functional capacity of tissue macrophages.

The stimulating effect of the drug Glutoxim® on the effector, secretory, excretory and metabolic functions of monocytes/macrophages includes:

• reactions of binding, recognition and presentation of antigenic material, which predetermine subsequent antibody formation and elimination of pathogens;
• secretion of humoral factors that normalize the development of local and systemic neuroimmunoendocrine reactions during chronic inflammation;
• mobilization of iron and elimination of its redistribution deficiency in the body, availability for the synthesis of heme and key cofactors of oxidative metabolism in red blood cells and other tissues.

Application:

More than 100,000 tuberculosis patients
receive the drug every year throughout the country! Effect on immunity: has an immunomodulatory effect and is the only drug approved for clinical use from the group of regulators of the body’s own defense systems.

Effect on blood: leads to the formation of a functionally active structure of internal hematopoiesis stimulators and receptors for them, which normalizes hematopoiesis and blood composition.

Effect on detoxification processes: increases the number of receptors in a functionally active state. When treated with the drug, the effect on the xenobiotic receptor is imitated - the cell develops defense enzymes and turns out to be more resistant to adverse effects.

Influence on the resistance of microbial and tumor cells to the action of drugs: suppresses the ability of tumor cells to remove drugs aimed at their destruction, as well as molecules synthesized by cells of the immune system.

More information about use in diseases, effects on the body and mechanism of action on the website www.glutoxim.ru

Glutoxim amp 30mg/ml 2ml N5 (PHARMA YOU)

Glutoxim® is a Russian innovative drug, a representative of a new class of drugs - regulators of the body's defense systems (innate defense regulators, IDR). Drugs in this group, according to their pharmacological activity, belong to antibiotic adjuvants: the main effect of Glutoxim is the potentiation of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy, incl. increasing the availability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the action of drugs and overcoming drug resistance of the pathogen. According to the results of fundamental and clinical studies, Glutoxim® enhances the secretion of endogenous antibiotics by macrophages - cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAP) (defensins and catalecidins), stimulates their absorption by mycobacteria. The action of CAP leads mainly to disruption of the structure and functions of the cytoplasmic membrane of the pathogen, which, in turn, leads to the death of the latter. The antibacterial activity of the drug Glutoxim® manifests itself when administered in vivo; for its implementation, it requires the presence of a pool of endogenous CAPs capable of mobilization, i.e., in relation to the action of the drug, CAPs act as effector molecules, predetermining its indirect antibacterial effect. The effect of the drug is complemented by the effect of overcoming the drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to isoniazid. Glutoxim® initiates the transformation reaction of isoniazid (prodrug) into a pharmacologically active form - isonicotinic acid, which has an antimycobacterial effect against the pathogen, which makes it possible to overcome the drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis caused by negative transformation of the katG (catalase-peroxidase gene) and inhA (enol-ACP gene) genes -reductase). The effect of the drug is accompanied by an increase in the production of peroxynitrite and nitosoglutathione - compounds that have an independent bactericidal effect. It has also been shown that Glutoxim® limits the possibilities of intracellular parasitism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The drug stimulates exocytosis (removal) of vesicles with intracellular parasitic mycobacteria from macrophages, ensuring their removal from the pharmacological refuge and making them available for the action of antibacterial drugs, including isoniazid, rifampicin, rifabutin, cycloserine, capreomycin, levofloxacin. The pharmacological effect of Glutoxim in relation to the antibacterial activity of the listed antibiotics is potentiating, as it increases the accessibility of the target (microorganisms) to the action of the drug. Glutoxim® increases the frequency of cessation of bacterial excretion and reduces the time of sputum abacillation. By the end of the 2nd month of treatment among patients receiving Glutoxim®, bacterial excretion ceased in 91.1% of patients with drug-sensitive tuberculosis (vs 61.1% in the control group) and in 75.1% of patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis (vs 38.9% in the control) (p®reduces the time for resorption of infiltrative and focal changes in the lungs: by the end of the 2nd month of treatment, resorption of infiltrative and focal changes was detected in 93.2% of patients who received Glutoxim® along with chemotherapy (vs 62.2% of patients in the control group) (p® (vs 70.8% of patients in the control group) (rGlutoxim® improves the tolerability of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy: toxic reactions (increased activity of ALT, AST, bilirubin, creatinine in the blood serum) were observed in only 4.3% of patients, while in the control group - in 11.1 % of patients (р®) were observed significantly less often - in 6.4% of patients, while 20% in the control group (р®), were stopped mainly in the first 2 months of treatment. Glutoxim® prevents exacerbation of chronic hepatitis during chemotherapy for tuberculosis, and in case of already developed drug-induced damage liver - allows you to continue chemotherapy in full, without resorting to its temporary cancellation. Glutoxim® reduces the incidence of toxic hepatitis by more than 4 times. Glutoxim® in combination with chemotherapy allows patients to be prepared for surgical treatment in a short time - the drug increases the frequency of sputum abacillation and promotes the disappearance or significant reduction in the frequency and intensity of clinical and laboratory symptoms of the disease in patients who are undergoing surgical treatment. In patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis who received Glutoxim® in the preoperative period along with anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy, positive dynamics of clinical and laboratory symptoms of the disease are observed 2 times more often (59.6% vs 28.9%), cessation of bacterial excretion is observed 1.9 times more often (38.3% vs 28.9%). 20% - in control). Glutoxim® improves the immediate results of surgical treatment. Restoration of pneumatization of the lung tissue by the 21st day of the postoperative period occurs in 82% of patients who received Glutoxim® along with anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy, and only in 35% of patients who received chemotherapy alone. Postoperative complications (pleural empyema, progression of a specific process, nonspecific pneumonia) in patients receiving Glutoxim® developed 4.5 times less often (6.9% vs 32%) than in patients receiving only chemotherapy (p®, were 1.5 times shorter and amounted to 42.1±1.7 bed-days, and for patients receiving only chemotherapy - 62.3±8.1 bed-days (rGlutoxim® improves the tolerability of chemotherapy, radiation and chemoradiotherapy in oncology. Glutoxim® restores the sensitivity of stem cell receptors to endogenous substances, suppressed by chemotherapy and cancer intoxication and exogenous colony-stimulating factors and erythropoietins. Thanks to this, the leukocyte, platelet and erythrocyte lineages of hematopoiesis are restored. The drug can reduce the incidence of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia or shift deep hematological toxicity to the moderate region. Addition of Glutoxim during chemotherapy in patients with morphologically confirmed NSCLC IIIb-IV stages using the etoposide + cisplatin regimen, who had not previously received chemotherapy and radiation therapy, reduced the incidence of deep neutropenia (WHO toxicity grades 3 and 4) by 2.5 times (p = 0.002), the incidence of general thrombocytopenia by 1.6 times (rGlutoxim ® helps prevent or reduce the severity of reactions of the skin (dermatitis) and mucous membranes (mucositis, stomatitis, rectitis, cervicitis) to radiation and the effects of chemotherapy. Complications in the form of early radiation rectitis in patients with stage III cervical cancer during the use of the drug Glutoxim® develop less frequently (6.15% vs 16.0%), restoration of the functions of the pelvic organs occurs faster (p® in patients with tumors of the oropharyngeal region contributes to a significant reduction in the severity of subjective manifestations radioepithelitis - the incidence of bleeding gums and the occurrence of focal epitheliitis is significantly reduced. The frequency of complaints such as dry mouth, pain when swallowing, changes in taste has decreased. Glutoxim® helps improve or maintain the quality of life of patients receiving chemotherapy/RT, provides the opportunity to carry out all required courses of chemotherapy. In patients with stage III-IV tumors of the oropharyngeal region who received radiation therapy, Glutoxim® helps restore the quality of life - the Karnofsky index increases to 90% (with 50-60% in the control) (p® promotes chemotherapy, radiation and chemoradiotherapy in full, without reducing the planned courses. Clinical studies have demonstrated an increase in the rate of positive responses to radical radiation therapy for locally advanced cervical cancer. The rate of achieving complete remission was 77% (in the control group - 38%). A more rapid recovery of peripheral blood parameters and an improvement in the general condition of patients during radiation therapy were noted. Glutoxim® helps to increase the frequency of complete (including morphological) remission and relapse-free survival. The frequency of positive responses to radiation therapy in patients with stage III-IV oropharyngeal cancer (complete + partial remission) in the group of patients receiving Glutoxim® was significantly higher than in the control group - 83.4% and 61.5%, respectively. In patients with HER-2(-) stage II-III breast cancer, the addition of Glutoxim® to neoadjuvant therapy led to a doubling of the previously achieved rate of complete morphological remission. In chemotherapy of patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer with the inclusion of the drug Glutoxim®, the median relapse-free survival was 15.4 weeks, while without the use of the drug, according to historical control, this figure was 8 weeks in patients with the same intensity of treatment. The average disease-free survival period was 19.4 weeks. The inclusion of the drug Glutoxim® in the chemotherapy regimen showed clinical feasibility (complete remission + partial remission + stabilization) in 60% of patients. When prescribing the drug Glutoxim® to patients with psoriasis, according to the results of clinical studies, patients experienced faster (on the 5-6th day of therapy) ) and complete regression of rashes (infiltration, peeling, swelling), itching decreased and quality of life improved: the PASI index decreased from 39.5±4.0 to 11.7±5.2, while in patients receiving standard therapy - from 26.1±2.6 only to 21.0 ±2.9 (p® demonstrated a hepatoprotective and toxic-modifying effect: after 7-10 days of therapy, there was a decrease in liver symptoms - pain and/or heaviness in the right hypochondrium decreased or stopped, ALT transaminase levels normalized from 65.9 ± 34.5 U/l to 45.9 ± 15.0, AST from 98.1±25.4 U/l to 45.5±13.4 U/l (p® the remission period was within 6 months - in 19% of patients, within a year - in 20.8% of patients, more than 1 year - in 51.2% of patients , 1.5 years or more - in 9% of patients. As part of complex therapy for sexually transmitted infections, Glutoxim®, as an antibiotic adjuvant, helps to increase the effectiveness (potentiation) of etiotropic antibacterial therapy for urogenital infections (UGI), one of the factors in the formation of deep reproductive disorders spheres (up to infertility), reduces the risk of subsequent relapses of UGI. According to the results of clinical studies, the effectiveness of UGI therapy 1 month after the end of treatment according to PCR results (elimination of the pathogen) in the group of patients who received only antibacterial therapy was 64.5-73.6%, and in the group who received Glutoxim® along with antibacterial therapy - 97.4% -98.7%. When Glutoxim® was included in the regimen, relapses of infection were also significantly less likely to be detected, and there was a decrease in the likelihood of recurrent UGI development (with re-infection or reinfection) during the 12 months of observation following therapy. Glutoxim® helps to increase the effectiveness of complex therapy for chronic inflammatory diseases of the internal genital organs women. The inclusion of the drug Glutoxim® in treatment regimens for chronic inflammation of the internal genital organs in women of reproductive age increases the effectiveness of treatment. There is a restoration of the function of the immune system, incl. at the local level: activation and normalization of nonspecific protection indicators occurs - for example, the concentration of secretory IgA and IgA of cervical mucus. Manifestations of the inflammatory reaction are stopped (rapid regression of pain within the first 7 days), there is an improvement in the quality of life of patients and stable clinical recovery in 96.8% of patients. Glutoxim® helps to increase the effectiveness of complex therapy for chronic inflammatory diseases of the male genital organs, incl. complicated by excretory toxic infertility. As a result of studies of the effectiveness of including the drug Glutoxim® in treatment regimens, a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect was revealed: with light microscopy of prostate secretion before treatment, leukocytes were 91.3 ± 11.2 in the field of view, after treatment - a decrease to 11.9 ± 1.8 (p® in treatment regimens for chronic bacterial prostatitis (CKD) reduces the treatment time to 3 weeks (versus the standard 4-6 weeks). In the complex therapy of CKD in combination with UGI, the inclusion of the drug Glutoxim® can increase the period of remission and reduce the frequency of relapses by 3 times. The inclusion of the drug Glutoxim® in treatment regimens CKD helps improve the erectile and ejaculatory components of a man's copulatory cycle.

Genetic predisposition to psoriasis

Hereditary factors play a significant role in the development of this disease - this is indicated by the fact that it is more common in people whose relatives already suffer from psoriasis. The risk of developing psoriasis in a child whose parents are healthy is 12%. When psoriasis is diagnosed in the father or mother, the probability increases - this is already 10-20%. If both parents are sick, the risk for the child will be as much as 50%.

Scientists now believe that the inheritance of psoriasis is multifactorial, that is, several different genes are responsible for the predisposition to this disease, and in order for it to develop, several different external or internal factors are needed. Let's look at which ones exactly.

What processes occur in the skin during psoriasis

As we already know, in the skin of a person genetically predisposed to psoriasis, under the influence of certain external or internal factors, pathological changes can begin, as a result of which psoriatic plaques form. As a rule, their boundaries are clear, the color is red-pink, and the surface is covered with scales. These clinical manifestations are a consequence of impaired reproduction and maturation of skin cells, inflammation and changes in the blood vessels of the skin.

The pathogenesis (mechanism of development) of psoriasis in its primary links at the cellular level has not been studied. But it is reliably known: in the superficial layers of the skin, cell division accelerates. If healthy skin cells live 30-40 days - from the moment they appear to die and exfoliate, then with psoriasis this process occurs 6 times faster. Such active cell proliferation leads to thickening of the skin, in particular its spinous layer. These pink-red areas of thickened skin are called psoriatic papules, and when the papules coalesce, they are called psoriatic plaques. But, although the cells multiply rapidly, they do not have time to mature and fully go through all stages of their development. Because of this, the granular layer of the skin practically disappears, and the processes of keratinization of epidermal cells are disrupted. The result of this is that the stratum corneum thickens significantly, which explains the appearance of numerous scales on the surface of the psoriatic plaque.

In the following sections you can learn about the symptoms of psoriasis (how the disease manifests itself), treatment of the disease and the use of the drug Glutoxim for psoriasis.

When does psoriasis start?

It is difficult to pinpoint exactly when the disease began. Typically, a patient consults a doctor if he already has grounds for complaints. However, in 75% of cases, psoriasis affects people during puberty - the time of puberty. According to German experts, psoriasis is divided into two types: the first appears at the age of about 20 years and is somewhat more severe, the second occurs around 50 years. There is a possibility that psoriasis will begin in youth if one of your relatives has already been diagnosed with it. But, unlike other hereditary diseases, the nature of the transmission of psoriasis from generation to generation is not obvious, therefore it is impossible to predict with certainty whether any family members will get sick and who exactly.

So you can become a victim of psoriasis at any time, from infancy to old age.

Causes of occurrence or exacerbation of psoriasis

According to the latest scientific medical research, psoriasis is not caused by any one cause, but by a whole complex of factors that are in complex interaction. Most often, it is impossible to determine the exact cause of psoriatic rashes. For example, those who have a genetic predisposition to psoriasis may not experience any manifestations of it for many years, although, on the other hand, it is well known what exactly triggers the appearance of psoriasis symptoms in them.

Such provoking influences are skin injuries (the so-called Koebner phenomenon) - ordinary scratches and cuts or surgical incisions, all kinds of abrasions (including in places where clothing simply pinches or rubs), injections, sun, thermal or chemical burns. The mechanism of this has not yet been fully studied, but this peculiar reaction also accompanies some other skin diseases.

The connection between psoriasis and the sun deserves a special discussion. The sun has an ambiguous effect on the course of the disease. In moderate quantities, its effect is beneficial - patients living in cold climate zones, simply by sunbathing, and even more so by going on vacation to the south, record a significant improvement in their condition. But it is important to remember to be careful: sunburn, on the contrary, can cause a negative effect - in 5-10% of psoriasis sufferers, sunbathing provokes an exacerbation.

The course of psoriasis is significantly influenced by other dermatological diseases. For example, if a person predisposed to psoriasis has a fungal infection in the folds of the skin, psoriatic plaques may also form in these areas (interdigital, axillary, inguinal folds, navel area).

Often, psoriasis begins with concomitant streptococcal infections - sore throat, chronic tonsillitis, upper respiratory tract infections, as well as vaccinations (primarily this applies to children). If the patient already suffers from psoriasis, streptococcal infections of the upper respiratory tract can cause an exacerbation.

The greatest danger of concomitant infections for a patient with psoriasis is HIV. When AIDS develops, psoriasis is especially severe: rashes can cover almost the entire skin (this condition is called psoriatic erythroderma).

Alcohol, especially strong drinks, beer, and champagne, also causes the disease to worsen. Alcohol abuse, as a rule, leads to the fact that psoriasis becomes practically insensitive to prescribed drugs and procedures.

Finally, psoriasis partly confirms the old formula “all diseases come from nerves” - its appearance can be provoked by excessive stress on the nervous system and stress. The mechanism of this cause-and-effect relationship is not entirely clear, and in addition, some patients note, on the contrary, the beneficial effect of stress on their condition.