Vaseline oil - description of the drug, instructions for use, reviews

Symptoms and manifestations

Spastic constipation is quite easy to recognize. Doctors Shulpekova Yu. O. and Ivashkin V. T. describe it as follows: “Constipation is spastic in nature, when the tone of some part of the intestine is increased and feces cannot overcome this place. Feces take on the appearance of sheep” (Shulpekova, Ivashkin, 2004, p. 49).

Unlike atonic ones, these forms of constipation are less likely to be prolonged; stool retention lasts no more than 2–5 days. Stool can be daily, but fragmented and in a very small volume.

Associated symptoms may include the following:

• pain and cramps in the abdomen;
• bloating, increased gas formation;
• false urge to defecate;
• feeling of heaviness in the stomach.

Pain and discomfort can be localized in different parts of the abdomen, it all depends on which part of the muscle is in spasm, where exactly there is an accumulation of dense feces and gases. Therefore, a symptom of spastic constipation may be pain in the side on the left or right, in the lower abdomen and in the epigastric region.

There are also nonspecific manifestations associated with intoxication of the body: nausea, headache, dizziness, increased sweating, pale skin, fatigue, decreased performance, irritability.

Causes of constipation in children

In young years

In a child under one year of age, the causes of constipation may lie in:

• genetic predisposition;
• poor nutrition of a nursing woman;
• insufficient drinking regime;
• muscle hypotension;
• rickets;
• perinatal encephalopathy;
• intestinal dysbiosis;
• intolerance to cow's milk protein;
• iron deficiency;
• sudden transition to artificial feeding;
• feeding children with high-iron formula;
• sudden transition from one mixture to another;
• hypothyroidism. Source: O.N. Komarova, A.I. Khavkin Constipation in young children: causes and features of dietary correction // Issues of modern pediatrics, 2014, No. 13 (1), p. 114-118

In older age

In children older than one year, the cause of constipation may be:

• uncomfortable and unsanitary conditions of toilets in a kindergarten or school (psychogenic constipation); Source: M.I. Dubrovskaya, P.V. Parshina Current issues in the development of constipation in children, approaches to therapy // Issues of modern pediatrics, 2012, v. 11, no. 11, pp. 76-82
• anusitis (inflammation of the skin and mucous membrane of the anal canal from the proximal areas of the skin folds around the anus to the dentate line and the blinker valves, i.e., the sphincter zone);

• improper diet, unbalanced diet;
• taking medications that cause fecal retention as a side effect;
• dehydration – dry food, excess dietary fiber in the diet, condition after diarrhea, vomiting, excessive sweating;
• deliberate delay in defecation for mixed reasons, which leads to compaction and drying of stool in the intestine.

Causes of spastic constipation

Increased muscle tone is often associated with several factors:

• neurological disorders;
• endocrine diseases and changes in hormonal status;
• irritable bowel syndrome with a predominance of constipation;
• stress, inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
• taking certain medications that affect muscle tone, etc.

Spastic constipation can be caused by previous surgeries, dietary habits, etc. They also serve as aggravating factors.

Spasms are provoked by various factors. The intestinal muscles are regulated, among other things, by the characteristics of the transmission of nerve impulses. The health of the intestines is influenced by many processes. Therefore, the causes of spastic constipation are neurological diseases, deficiency of vitamins and minerals, a sedentary lifestyle, psycho-emotional shocks that affect the functioning of the nervous system, etc.

Violate muscle tone and intoxication, unbalanced nutrition, including prolonged fasting and irregular meals.

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Types of constipation

Depending on the duration and severity, children are distinguished between chronic and acute constipation. Acute constipation is said to occur when there is no bowel movement for several days in a row.

According to the stages and causes of defecation delay, they are divided into several types:

• Primary – a consequence of congenital or acquired pathology, disruption of innervation or abnormalities in the structure of the intestine. Even a one-month-old baby can experience such constipation;
• Secondary - occurs due to injury, illness, or as a side effect of any medication.
• Idiopathic - a consequence of impaired intestinal motility for unknown reasons.

According to pathogenesis, the following varieties are distinguished:

• Nutritional – a consequence of a lack of fluid in the body, dietary fiber and a decrease in food intake in general;
• Mechanical - arise due to a narrowing of the intestinal lumen;
• Dyskinetic - a consequence of disturbances in the functioning of the digestive organs and intestinal innervation.

According to the clinical picture, functional constipation in children is divided based on the tone of the intestinal walls:

• Atonic (with reduced tone). Peristalsis is sluggish, the movement of feces is slow, which is why defecation is delayed.
• Spastic - occur against the background of heaviness, bloating, flatulence, intestinal colic. A small amount of feces comes out. Constant spastic constipation occurs in a child due to intestinal spasms, due to which feces accumulate and move with difficulty.

What to do if a child has constipation - treatment methods for children of all ages

How to treat a child depends on the severity and type of problem. These could be medications, enemas, massage, diet.

It is not recommended to do enemas frequently, otherwise flaccid bowel syndrome may develop. That is, he will “forget how” to work independently. However, sometimes enemas are useful. Their volumes vary by age:

• up to 1 month – 30 ml;
• 1-3 months – 30-40 ml;
• 3-6 months – 90 ml;
• 6-12 months – up to 180 ml.

The temperature of the water in the enema should be around 23-24℃.

Massage helps well with atonic constipation. You need to massage the anterior abdominal wall in a clockwise circular motion. It is useful to place a small child on his stomach and gently irritate the anus with your hand.

To improve peristalsis, you can give a glass of juice or water.

For psychogenic constipation, you need to follow a number of recommendations:

• give more vegetables and liquids;
• do not focus on the problem, support the child;
• play role-playing games, behave positively, do not show frustration;
• do not scold the child, tell him how his body works, help him understand the problem;
• tell thematic tales, you can invent them yourself.

What can you give your child for constipation? Overview of drug groups

For spastic constipation, suppositories with glycerin can help. The introduction of other substances, including oils, is not recommended.

For constipation, several groups of laxatives are indicated:

• osmotic - transfer liquid to the stool to soften it, safe for children, they can be taken every day and for a long time - magnesium hydroxide, polyethylene glycol, lactulose, magnesium citrate, sorbitol;
• stimulants - promote contraction of the intestinal muscles, move stool through it, they are prescribed for a single dose - bisacodyl, senna;
• lubricants - facilitate the process of stool movement through the intestines, have an oil base - glycerin suppositories, petroleum jelly.

Diet

Nutrition should be correct, with plenty of liquid and plant fiber - vegetables, fruits, oatmeal, pearl barley, etc. You need to give up foods that slow down motor skills, control the caloric intake of the diet, the content of minerals and vitamins in it. The following products are excluded from the menu, and if the child is breastfed, they are excluded by the nursing mother:

• milk;
• strong tea, coffee;
• semolina;
• fatty food;
• baking;
• pasta;
• White bread;
• crackers;
• rice.

It is important to increase fiber in the diet, which will regulate bowel movements. It is abundant in fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, seeds and nuts. The listed products are rich in minerals and vitamins and contain a lot of protein. The fiber content should be 2 g per serving. Recommended standards by age:

• 1-3 years – 19 g per day;
• 4-8 years – 25 g per day;
• 9-13 years - 31 g per day for boys, 26 g per day for girls.

Foods high in fiber

Changing mode

The child needs to be taught to have bowel movements at the same time every day. To stimulate bowel movements, you can give cold water or fruit juice.

Regular physical activity is necessary to improve the functioning of the abdominal muscles. This could be regular walks, ball games, jumping rope, swimming, cycling.

Complications of spastic constipation

Some symptoms of spastic constipation, which has been observed for a long time, are associated with developing complications. Such manifestations include:

• Abdominal pain that does not go away after defecation. Often associated with inflammatory diseases, the development of intestinal diverticulosis, cholecystitis and cholelithiasis, etc.
• Pain in the anus and rectum. They signal about proctitis, paraproctitis, polyps, etc.
• Bloody discharge, mucus in the stool. Such symptoms characterize progressive hemorrhoids, anal fissures and other diseases.

It is worth noting that injury to the intestinal mucosa by solid feces and chronic intoxication can lead to serious complications and increase the risk of colorectal cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it is important to get timely help from a doctor.

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