The drug "Konium" (homeopathy): indications for use, reviews


Release form and chemical composition

This preparation is available in the following forms: ointment for external use, drops in potencies D3, C3, C6 and higher, and granules for oral administration in potencies D3, C3, C6 and higher.

The active ingredient of the ointment is Konium D1 tincture, and the auxiliary components are medical petroleum jelly, as well as anhydrous lanolin.

The spotted hemlock plant has the following chemical composition:

  • coniine;
  • conhydrin;
  • pseudo-conhydrin;
  • g-coniceine;
  • methylkoniine;
  • quercetin;
  • kaempferol.

External links [edit]

Taxon identifiers
  • Wikidata: Q6491516
  • Wikispecies: Conium
  • APDB: 189643
  • APNI: 75600
  • eFlora SA: Conium
  • EoL: 71055
  • EPPO: 1COIG
  • FloraBase: 21870
  • FoC: 107860
  • FoIO: CONMAK
  • GBIF: 3034806
  • GREEN: 2878
  • iNaturalist: 52999
  • IPNI: 39839-1
  • IRMNG: 1310824
  • ITIS: 29472
  • NBN: NHMSYS0000457462
  • NCBI: 13446
  • NZOR: 58ba9c82-c464-467f-9d5e-0ed0dcd5b030
  • PLANTS: CONIU
  • POWO: urn: lsid: ipni.org: names: 39839-1
  • Tropicos: 40013296
  • VASKAN: 1024
  • VicFlora : 8d67182d-916f-457f-a3b6-82f5c87cfb80
  • WoI: 744
  • WFO: wfo-4000009137
  • WoRMS: 425894

Description of the plant

Spotted hemlock is a biennial plant that can reach up to two meters in height. It got its name because of the toxic effect it has on the body. In the first year, hemlock looks simply like a bunch of basal leaves, which an inexperienced person or child can easily confuse with parsley or carrot tops. This may cause poisoning. The first symptoms of intoxication due to poisoning are dizziness and headache. In the second year of growth, the plant develops a stem. It becomes hollow and branched, acquires a bluish tint, and dark red spots appear at the bottom of the stem. The flowers are small, white, arranged in complex umbrellas. The fruit is an achene. The plant grows in many regions, with the exception of the Far North.

Growing [edit]

Historically Conium

were grown as ornamental plants.
Because it has attractive flowers to some breeders, it was introduced to the United States from Europe as a garden plant. [30] However, there have been documented cases of plant miscultivation where this species, especially C. maculatum,
has been mistaken with common edible plants such as parsnips, parsley, wild celery and anise and grown for humans. consumption is accidental. [7]

Today the intentional introduction of Conium

less likely to be introduced into new and existing regions as a garden plant or living specimen for herbal medicine. [3]

History of use in medicine and homeopathy

The first mention of hemlock as a medicinal product dates back to the 5th century BC. It was used in the treatment of many diseases. At the same time, it was considered one of the most powerful narcotic plants. As an anesthetic, as well as for scrofula, glandular tumors, and cancer, 0.2-0.3 grams were taken, but due to too frequent cases of poisoning, the drug was banned in traditional medicine.

The drug was introduced into homeopathic practice in 1825 by Hahnemann, who twice tested its effectiveness. He described the results of the first experiment in his work “Pure Medicine”, and the second in his work “Chronic Diseases”. Hahnemann showed interest in the plant because the Austrian physician Sterk described cases of complete recovery of patients suffering from severe forms of illness. Hahnemann used hemlock in small dilutions and obtained positive results. This experience underlies the modern principles of using the drug "Conium".

The development of the drug is based on Hahnemann's experiments and medical research for side effects. The drug has a complete effect on the entire body. In homeopathy, it is classified as a constitutional substance that is used in the treatment of chronic diseases.

In ancient Russian and English folk medicine, this plant was used for a variety of tumor processes: both for internal and external use. Oncologists are showing increased interest in this plant these days, as they see in it prospects for creating drugs that will promote the resorption of tumors and other neoplasms.

Tests have shown that after taking Conium, patients experience the following symptoms:

  • weakness in the lower extremities;
  • a feeling of dizziness when the patient watches a moving object or turns his head while lying down;
  • pain in the left lung (in the upper part);
  • feeling as if a lump or ball has formed in the larynx, which causes swallowing.

Hemlock is a fairly common plant and can be found in most European countries, as well as Western Siberia, Africa and Iran. A distinctive feature of the plant is dark red spots on the lower part of the stem (apparently, this is what gave it the name “spotted”).

Links[edit]

  1. "Apiaceae | family of plants". Encyclopedia Britannica
    . Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  2. ^ abc "Conium L." Plants of the world online
    . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
  3. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqr "Conium maculatum (poison hemlock)". www.cabi.org
    . Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  4. ^ abc Hotty, Hannah; Risher, Heiko (2017-11-14). "Socrates' Killer: Coniine and Related Alkaloids in the Plant Kingdom". Molecules
    .
    22
    (11): 1962. DOI: 10.3390/modules22111962. ISSN 1420-3049. PMC 6150177. PMID 29135964.
  5. ^ B Hillyard, OM (December 1985). "Conium (Umbelliferae) in southern Africa". South African Journal of Botany
    .
    51
    (6):465–474. DOI: 10.1016/S0254-6299(16)31629-5 - via Elsevier.
  6. ^ B s d e e Magee, AR; Clark, V. R. (2017-01-01). "Mountain hemlocks of Mzansi: identity of Hilliard and Burtt's Conium species 3 and 4 (Apiaceae) and a revised key to the genus in sub-Saharan Africa". South African Journal of Botany
    .
    108
    : 243–247. DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2016.11.006. ISSN 0254-6299.
  7. ^ abcdef "Hemlock: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Dosage and Warning". www.webmd.com
    . Retrieved December 2, 2021.
  8. "Carnegie Poisons: Hemlock". Carnegie Museum of Natural History
    . 2017-06-26. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  9. "Ohio Weedguide". www.oardc.ohio-state.edu
    . Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  10. ^ ab "Conium chaerophylloides in global plants at JSTOR". plant.jstor.org
    . Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  11. Östensson, Pia. "Christian Friedrich Eklon and Carl Ludwig Philipp Seicher". www.nrm.se.
    _ Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  12. "Tropicos | Name - Conium fontanum Hilliard & B.L. Burtt." legacy.tropicos.org
    . Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  13. CAB Direct. www.cabdirect.org
    . Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  14. ^ abc Berenbaum, May R. (2001). "Chemical mediation of coevolution: phylogenetic evidence for Apiaceae and Associates" (PDF). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
    .
    88
    (1):45–59. DOI: 10.2307/2666131. JSTOR 2666131.
  15. Frenkel, Gottfried S. (1959). "Raison d'tre of secondary plant substances". The science
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    (3361): 1466–1470. Bibcode: 1959Sci...129.1466F. DOI: 10.1126/science.129.3361.1466. JSTOR 1756998. PMID 13658975.
  16. "Conium chaerophylloides Eckl. & Zeyh" . www.gbif.org
    . Retrieved December 4, 2021.
  17. "Conium fontanum Hilliard & B.L. Burtt". www.gbif.org
    . Retrieved December 4, 2021.
  18. “Conium sphaerocarpum Hilliard & B.L. Burtt | Plants of the World on the Internet | Kew Science". Plants of the world online
    . Retrieved December 4, 2021.
  19. ^ab Vetter, J. (September 1, 2004). "Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum L.)". Food and chemical toxicology
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    42
    (9):1373–1382. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2004.04.009. ISSN 0278-6915. PMID 15234067.
  20. "RNZIH - Gardening Pages - Weeds - Conium maculatum - Hemlock". www.rnzih.org.nz
    . Retrieved December 4, 2021.
  21. Weber, E., ed. (2017). Invasive Plant Species of the World: A Guide to Environmental Weeds. DOI: 10.1079/9781780643861.0000. ISBN 9781780643861.
  22. Castells, Eva; Berenbaum, May R. (2007-10-24). "Resistance of the generalist moth Trichoplusia ni (Noctuidae) to a novel chemical defense in the invasive plant Conium maculatum". Chemoecology
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    (1): 11–18. DOI: 10.1007/s00049-007-0388-6. ISSN 0937-7409. S2CID 23367705.
  23. Nuri, Saideh; Hosseini, Ahmad; Gibbs, Adrian J.; Mohammadi, Musa (March 2021). "Poison hemlock virus Y (PHVY), a novel potyvirus from Iranian Conium maculatum (Apiaceae)". Australasian Plant Pathology
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    49
    (2): 119–126. DOI: 10.1007/s13313-020-00681-0. ISSN 0815-3191. S2CID 210717341.
  24. James, Lynn F.; Nielsen, Darwin B.; Panther, Kip E. (January 1992). "Impact of poisonous plants on livestock production". Range Management Journal
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    (1): 3. DOI: 10.2307/4002517. HDL: 10150/644727. ISSN 0022-409X. JSTOR 4002517.
  25. Nielsen, Darwin B.; Rimbey, Neil R.; James, Lynn F. (2019-06-12), "Economics of Poisonous Plants in Livestock Production", Ecology and Economic Impact of Poisonous Plants on Livestock Production
    , CRC Press, pp. 5-15, doi:10.1201/9780429310225-2, ISBN 978 -0-429-31022-5, received 2020-12-04
  26. Fuller, Pam; Neilson, Matthew (June 2015). "USGS Non-Native Aquatic Species Database: More than thirty years of tracking introduced aquatic species in the United States (and counting)". Management of biological invasions
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    (2): 159–170. DOI: 10.3391/mbi.2015.6.2.06. ISSN 1989-8649.
  27. Gulzar, Parveez; Sahaf, K. A.; Kawsar, Tasnim; Raja, T.A.; Munshi, Nazir A. (2016). "Efficacy of various botanical extracts on mulberry late blight caused by Fusarium pallidoroseum (Cooke) Sacc". Applied Biological Research
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    (3): 321. DOI: 10.5958/0974-4517.2016.00049.5. ISSN 0972-0979.
  28. “Modern Herbal | Hemlock". www.botanical.com
    . Retrieved December 4, 2021.
  29. "Conium - homeopathy". elmaskincare.com
    . Retrieved December 4, 2021.
  30. ^ abcd "Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum): USDA ARS". www.ars.usda.gov
    . Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  31. ^ abc "Hemlock". www.ucl.ac.uk.
    _ Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  32. ^ ab Panter, K. E.; James, L.F.; Gardner, D. R.; Ralphs, M.H.; Pfister, J. A.; Stegelmeier, B.L.; Lee, S. T. (2006). "Reproductive losses of poisonous plants: influence of management strategies". Range Management Journal
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    (3). DOI: 10.2458/azu_jrm_v55i3_panter. ISSN 0022-409X.
  33. "United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)", Student Guide to the Presidency
    , 2300 N Street, NW, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20037 United States of America: CQ Press, 2009, DOI: 10.4135/9781452240220.n40, ISBN 978- 0-87289-555-3, received 2020-12-04CS1 maint: location (link)
  34. Smith, R.J.; Bryant, R.G. (1975-10-27). "Metal substitutions in carbonic anhydrase: a halide ion probe study". Reports of biochemical and biophysical research
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  35. Vetter, J. (September 2004). "Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum L.)". Food and Chemical Toxicology: An international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
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    42
    (9):1373–1382. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2004.04.009. ISSN 0278-6915. PMID 15234067.
  36. "Conium maculatum TOXINZ - Poison Information". www.toxinz.com
    . Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  37. Wink, Michael; Van Wyk, Ben-Erik (2008). Mind-altering and Poisonous Plants of the World. Timber Press. ISBN 978-0-88192-952-2.
  38. “Poison Hemlock | plant" . Encyclopedia Britannica
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Impact on the body

Taking Konium in small toxic doses leads to relaxation of the body, which borders on a loss of strength. The patient has difficulty maintaining balance and experiences deteriorating vision. At the same time, taking the drug does not affect consciousness in any way - it remains absolutely clear. But after some time the patient loses the ability to move. If the dose is increased, the patient will experience dizziness, as well as rapid breathing and heart palpitations.

In the case of a large dose that enters directly into the blood, the nervous system is excited. Then severe weakness is felt in the limbs - first in the lower, later in the upper. The pupils dilate, so much so that the patient loses the ability to see. At the final stage, paralysis of the muscles of the respiratory system occurs and, as a result, death.

The effect of strong doses of the drug was described above. Its effect on motor centers plays a key role. At the same time, experiments carried out with small dosages of the drug showed that Konium also affects the skin and glands. Also, it is worth noting that it affects the mammary glands, it promotes the resorption of tumors in them. The drug has a similar effect on the testicles and ovaries.

And, lastly, in pathogenesis one can find references to how Conium affects the larynx and its nerves. It provokes severe coughing attacks.

CHARACTERISTIC

Loss of strength in women during and after menopause, after acute illnesses.

Hardening of the glands - to the hardness of wood, mammary glands and testicles in persons predisposed to cancer; after a bruise or wound, hardening is sometimes accompanied by burning pain.

The mammary glands become enlarged and painful during each menstruation, worse when walking or the slightest shock.

Dizziness, especially when turning over in bed; with slight movement of the head or even the eyes; You must keep your head completely still. Dizziness when turning head to the left ( Colocynthis

); dizziness in old women suffering from diseases of the ovaries and uterus.

Weakness of the genital organs - the desire is preserved, but there is no possibility of satisfying it; erections are short-lived and stop during intercourse.

Intermittent flow of urine is very typical (prostate damage in old people).

Day and night sweats, as soon as he falls asleep or as soon as he closes his eyes.

Vomiting dark masses, “coffee grounds”, with intense pain.

Uncontrollable craving for salt with aversion to milk, which is poorly tolerated.

Pain. Various, in joints and muscles, almost always appear at rest and at night, decrease with movement.

For cancer of the mammary glands and other organs, pain Conium

burning, stabbing and shooting.

Chair. Constipation is always accompanied by tenesmus and weakness after bowel movements. Diarrhea is much more common; stools are cloudy, sometimes very liquid, often with frequent urges. They are accompanied by colic and large bloating. The stools are very offensive and the stool is sometimes involuntary during sleep; it is also accompanied by tenesmus. Conium

- a remedy for diarrhea in weak, trembling old people who sometimes suffer from urinary incontinence.

Menstruation is scanty, delayed, short-lived, suppressed, with small red pimples all over the body. Amenorrhea after a cold, after putting hands in cold water. Leucorrhea like milk, thick, corrosive.

Indications for use

Conium ointment is prescribed for the following indications:

  • the mammary gland is painful, swollen;
  • fibrocystic mastopathy (exclusively benign);
  • small cysts and painful lumps that have arisen in the mammary gland as a result of injury.

Granules are prescribed for the following indications:

  • exudative diathesis;
  • severe swelling of the arms and legs;
  • acute inflammation of the spinal cord;
  • burning headaches;
  • paralysis;
  • paresthesia;
  • insomnia;
  • prostatitis;
  • paresis of the upper eyelids;
  • convulsive reactions;
  • trigeminal neuralgia;
  • sclerosis of cerebral vessels.

The instructions for the drug indicate that bronchitis and cough are indications for the use of the drug Konium 6. It is recommended to take it even in case of severe sputum discharge or when attacks of painful coughing occur during sleep, which is accompanied by very deep breaths with wheezing.

At the same time, the drug has proven effectiveness in the treatment of facial neuralgia, the main symptom of which is pain in the infraorbital nerve, which intensifies at night.

Also, indications for use of the drug are:

  • diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, accompanied by increased formation of hydrochloric acid;
  • stomach cancer;
  • benign neoplasms in the gastrointestinal tract.

At the same time, the drug has proven itself in the fight against a variety of ophthalmological diseases. It will be effective in the treatment of prostate diseases that occur against the background of problems with urination.

Digestive organs

Dry coated tongue, swollen, heavy, painful, stuttering, difficult speech. Toothache. Salivation. Difficulty swallowing, feeling of swelling in the throat, swallowing spasms. Lack of appetite and aversion to food, worsening after sour and salty foods, severe hunger, after eating a feeling of heaviness, intense thirst, belching, heartburn, bloating with gases, nausea and vomiting.

The passage of a significant amount of gas, frequent urge to stool without result, urge with the passage of a small amount of liquid feces, mushy liquid stools, discharge of foul-smelling mucus and even blood from the anus with a burning sensation and a feeling of heat in the anus, itching and stitching in the anus without discharge chair.

Conium type patient

A patient who belongs to the constitutional type of Conium is most likely an old man who cannot walk quickly. His gait can be described as shaking. At the same time, patients complain of unbearable weakness when walking and problems with the limbs. We can say that this drug corresponds to all diseases that are characteristic of older people.

A Conium type patient is a person experiencing a loss of strength, hypochondria, disorders of the genitourinary system, and memory impairment.

In addition, Konium is recommended for use by patients who suffer from cancer or scrofula.

Contraindications

According to the annotation for the drug, the use of Konium is contraindicated in the presence of hypersensitivity to any of its components, as well as in children and adolescents under 18 years of age.

During pregnancy, Conium is prescribed only if the expected benefits to the woman outweigh the potential risks to her child. If treatment is indicated during lactation, breastfeeding should be discontinued.

Conium is prescribed, but with great caution and under constant medical supervision to patients with gastritis, ulcers and stomach cancer, if they are accompanied by cutting, burning and/or stabbing pains.

Method of administration and dosage

It is recommended to apply Konium ointment to the skin in a thin layer immediately before bedtime. It is advisable to apply a bandage over it. This is how the ointment is used during the first week. Then move on to 2-3 applications per week. The course of treatment is 2-3 months.

The granules are taken sublingually (under the tongue). The standard daily dose is 40 granules (5 doses of 8 granules each). The course of treatment is one month. If necessary, the course can be taken again, but only after a break.

The dosage of the drug is determined solely by the attending physician based on the severity of the disease, as well as many other aspects that are not taken into account in traditional medicine.

Content

  • 1 Description 1.1 Stems
  • 1.2 Leaves
  • 1.3 Flowers 1.3.1 Fruits
  • 1.3.2 Seeds
  • 1.4 Chemical composition
  • 1.5 Species differentiation from other plants
  • 2 Taxonomy
      2.1 History
  • 2.2 Species 2.2.1 C. chaerophylloides
  • 2.2.2 C. fontanum
  • 2.2.3 C. hilliburttorum
  • 2.2.4 C. maculatum
  • 2.2.5 C. sphaerocarpum
  • 3 Evolution
      3.1 Toxin development
  • 4 Distribution
  • 5 Ecology
      5.1 Scattering
  • 5.2 Environmental relations
  • 5.3 Economic impact
  • 6 applications
      6.1 Economics
  • 6.2 In medicine
  • 6.3 Other uses
  • 7 Toxicity
      7.1 Exposure to humans and animals
  • 7.2 Pharmacology
  • 7.3 Treatment
  • 7.4 Like poison
  • 8 cultivation
  • 9 See also
  • 10 notes
  • 11 links
  • 12 External links
  • Adverse reactions

    In general, if the dosage is observed, the drug is well tolerated. However, in case of individual intolerance, dermatitis may occur when using the ointment, and allergies may occur when taking granules.

    In addition, in rare cases, a decrease in blood pressure may occur. The following symptoms are extremely rare:

    • nausea;
    • diarrhea;
    • vomit;
    • dizziness;
    • suffocation;
    • numbness;
    • tachycardia;
    • fainting.

    If any adverse reactions occur, it is recommended to immediately stop taking the drug and consult your doctor.

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